Justice Counts Technical Implementation Guide

Data Characteristics

For all prison agencies

For all prisons-related metrics, agencies should share data relating to all people who are incarcerated under their jurisdiction. Following the definition set by the Unites States Department of Justice’s Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), Justice Counts defines community supervision, jail, and prison as follows:

Community Supervision: supervision of people convicted of crimes in the resident population, as opposed to confined in secure correctional facilities. The two main types of community corrections supervision are probation and parole
Jail: locally operated, short-term correctional facilities that hold people awaiting trial or sentencing or both, and people sentenced to a term of less than 1 year, typically people convicted of misdemeanor offenses
Prison: longer-term correctional facilities run by the state or the federal government that typically hold people convicted of felonies and persons with sentences of more than 1 year. Definitions may vary by state (Justice Counts data does not include federal prison population data)

For agencies that have unified prison and jail systems

Whenever possible, agencies should share only data related to jails in “Jail” metrics and share only data related to prisons separately here in “Prison” metrics. We understand that it may not be possible to disaggregate metrics such as funding, expenses, and staff when they are shared across agency functions. In instances where jails and prison data cannot be disaggregated, please share combined data for jails and prisons in “Prisons” metrics and leave “Jails” metrics blank. For metrics showing combined data, please add a contextual note when prompted to explain that the figures include data for multiple Justice Counts sectors.

For agencies that have unified prison and community supervision systems

Whenever possible, prison agencies in unified systems that involve community supervision functions should share only data related to prisons in “Prison” metrics and share only data related to community supervision functions separately in “Community Supervision” metrics. We understand that it may not be possible to disaggregate metrics such as funding, expenses, and staff when they are shared across agency functions. In instances where prisons and community supervision data cannot be disaggregated, please share combined data here in “Prisons” metrics and leave “Community Supervision” metrics blank. For metrics showing combined data, please add a contextual note when prompted to explain that the figures include data for multiple Justice Counts sectors.

Global Definitions

To make configuring metrics as easy as possible, some concepts can be defined once at the outset of onboarding and then applied throughout the rest of your metrics configuration. These concepts include the definition of person offenses, property offenses, drug offenses, public order offenses, other offenses, unknown offense, race and ethnicity, and biological sex.

Note regarding charge/offense type breakdowns

The offense categories described below align with the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) offense classifications and definitions, with two exceptions: 1) Justice Counts continues to recommend counting robbery as a person offense, rather than property, though agencies can choose to comply with the NIBRS change in that categorization, and 2) the NIBRS “Crime Against Society” category has been split into two groups: public order offenses and drug offenses. For incidents in which there were multiple offenses, please apply a hierarchy rule and share data according to the most serious offense (as determined by the agency). If your agency does not have a hierarchy rule, we recommend following the summary reporting model of crimes against persons considered most serious, followed by crimes against property, public order offenses, and drug offenses. Also note that the terminology in these offense categories is drawn directly from NIBRS and does not necessarily reflect the preferred language and values of the CSG Justice Center.

Person Offenses

Justice Counts description: People or events for which the most serious charge or offense associated was a crime against a person.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following:

INCLUDE	Aggravated assault
INCLUDE	Simple assault
INCLUDE	Intimidation
INCLUDE	Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter
INCLUDE	Negligent manslaughter
INCLUDE	Human trafficking, commercial sex acts
INCLUDE	Human trafficking, involuntary servitude
INCLUDE	Kidnapping/abduction
INCLUDE	Rape
INCLUDE	Sodomy
INCLUDE	Sexual assault with an object
INCLUDE	Fondling
INCLUDE	Incest
INCLUDE	Statutory rape
INCLUDE	Robbery
EXCLUDE	Justifiable homicide

Property Offenses

Justice Counts description: People or events for which the most serious charge or offense associated was a property crime.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following:

INCLUDE	Arson
INCLUDE	Bribery
INCLUDE	Burglary/breaking and entering
INCLUDE	Counterfeiting/forgery
INCLUDE	Destruction/damage/vandalism of property
INCLUDE	Embezzlement
INCLUDE	Extortion/blackmail
INCLUDE	False pretenses/swindle/confidence game
INCLUDE	Credit card/automated teller machine fraud
INCLUDE	Impersonation
INCLUDE	Welfare fraud
INCLUDE	Wire fraud
INCLUDE	Identity theft
INCLUDE	Hacking/computer invasion
INCLUDE	Pocket-picking
INCLUDE	Purse-snatching
INCLUDE	Shoplifting
INCLUDE	Theft from building
INCLUDE	Theft from coin-operated machine or device
INCLUDE	Theft from motor vehicle
INCLUDE	Theft of motor vehicle parts or accessories
INCLUDE	All other larceny
INCLUDE	Motor vehicle theft
INCLUDE	Stolen property offenses
EXCLUDE	Robbery

Public Order Offenses

Justice Counts description: People or events for which the most serious charge or offense associated was a crime against a person.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following:

INCLUDE	Animal cruelty
INCLUDE	Import violations
INCLUDE	Export violations
INCLUDE	Federal liquor offenses
INCLUDE	Federal tobacco offenses
INCLUDE	Wildlife trafficking
INCLUDE	Espionage
INCLUDE	Money laundering
INCLUDE	Harboring escapee/concealing from arrest
INCLUDE	Flight to avoid prosecution
INCLUDE	Flight to avoid deportation
INCLUDE	Betting/wagering
INCLUDE	Operating/promoting/assisting gambling
INCLUDE	Gambling equipment violations
INCLUDE	Sports tampering
INCLUDE	Illegal entry into the United States
INCLUDE	False citizenship
INCLUDE	Smuggling aliens
INCLUDE	Re-entry after deportation
INCLUDE	Pornography/obscene material
INCLUDE	Prostitution
INCLUDE	Assisting or promoting prostitution
INCLUDE	Purchasing prostitution
INCLUDE	Treason
INCLUDE	Weapon law violations
INCLUDE	Violation of National Firearm Act of 1934
INCLUDE	Weapons of mass destruction
INCLUDE	Explosives
INCLUDE	Failure to appear
INCLUDE	Curfew/loitering/vagrancy violations
INCLUDE	Disorderly conduct
INCLUDE	Driving under the influence
INCLUDE	Family offenses, nonviolent
INCLUDE	Federal resource violations
INCLUDE	Liquor law violations
INCLUDE	Perjury
INCLUDE	Trespass of real property
EXCLUDE	Drug/narcotic violations
EXCLUDE	Drug equipment violations
EXCLUDE	Drug sales
EXCLUDE	Drug distribution
EXCLUDE	Drug manufacturing
EXCLUDE	Drug smuggling
EXCLUDE	Drug production
EXCLUDE	Drug possession

Drug Offenses

Justice Counts description: People or events for which the most serious charge or offense associated was a drug crime.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following:

INCLUDE	Drug/narcotic violations
INCLUDE	Drug equipment violations
INCLUDE	Drug sales
INCLUDE	Drug distribution
INCLUDE	Drug manufacturing
INCLUDE	Drug smuggling
INCLUDE	Drug production
INCLUDE	Drug possession

Other Offenses

Justice Counts description: People or events for which the most serious charge or offense associated was not a person, property, public order, or drug offense.

Unknown Offenses

Justice Counts description: People or events for which the most serious charge or offense associated was unknown.

Note regarding release type breakdowns

In order to ensure apples-to-apples metadata about the supervision status of people released from prison to the community, prison agencies should share information here regarding the definitions of types of community supervision people are released to in their jurisdictions. If, for example, a prison agency does not release people to parole supervision, they will simply opt out of that section and move on to the next set of configurations. Whenever possible, community supervision populations should not be shared in Prison metrics.

Probation Definition

Justice Counts description: People who are supervised in the community by a public or private probation agency. Probation is generally a sentence from a court that serves in lieu of incarceration. When probation follows incarceration, it differs from parole in that it does not provide early release from incarceration. Rather, it is a determinate sentence that follows a period of incarceration. Decisions to revoke probation are generally the responsibility of a court..

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following:

INCLUDE	People sentenced to a period of probation in lieu of incarceration (including to electronic monitoring, home confinement, traditional supervision, etc.)
INCLUDE	People sentenced to a period of probation after a period of incarceration (including to electronic monitoring, home confinement, traditional supervision, etc.)
INCLUDE	People on probation as part of a post-adjudication specialty or problem-solving court program (e.g., drug court)
INCLUDE	People sentenced to probation who are temporarily confined in jail, prison, or another confinement center for a short “dip” sanction (typically less than 30 days)
INCLUDE	People sentenced to probation confined for any length of time in a violation center or halfway back facility operated by the supervision agency
INCLUDE	People sentenced to probation who are in jail or prison on a hold pending resolution of a violation or revocation
INCLUDE	People sentenced to probation who are confined in jail or prison for a longer sanction (e.g., more than 30 days, 120 days, 6 months, etc.)
INCLUDE	People sentenced to probation in another jurisdiction who are supervised by the agency through interstate compact, intercounty compact, or other mutual supervision agreement
EXCLUDE	People sentenced to probation who are being supervised by another jurisdiction
EXCLUDE	People who have not been sentenced but are supervised on probation in the community prior to the resolution of their case
EXCLUDE	People sentenced to probation who are also on another form of supervision
EXCLUDE	People on probation as part of a pre-adjudication specialty or problem-solving court program (e.g., drug court)

Parole Definition

Justice Counts description: People who are conditionally released from prison to serve the remainder of their sentence in the community. Parole releases may be determined by a parole board or by mandatory release according to statute. Decisions to revoke parole are generally the responsibility of a parole board..

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following:

INCLUDE	People approved by a parole board or similar entity for early conditional release from incarceration to parole supervision (including to electronic monitoring, home confinement, traditional supervision, etc.)
INCLUDE	People conditionally released from incarceration to parole supervision by statutory requirement (including to electronic monitoring, home confinement, traditional supervision, etc.)
INCLUDE	People on parole who are temporarily confined in jail, prison, or another confinement center for a short “dip” sanction (typically less than 30 days)
INCLUDE	People on parole confined for any length of time in a violation center or halfway back facility operated by the supervision agency
INCLUDE	People on parole who are in jail or prison on a hold pending resolution of a violation or revocation
INCLUDE	People on parole who are confined in jail or prison for a longer sanction (e.g., more than 30 days, 120 days, 6 months, etc.)
INCLUDE	People released to parole in another jurisdiction who are supervised by the agency through interstate compact, intercounty compact, or other mutual supervision agreement
EXCLUDE	People on parole who are also on another form of supervision
EXCLUDE	People on parole who are being supervised by another jurisdiction

Pretrial Supervision Definition

Justice Counts description: People who are supervised while awaiting trial as a condition of staying in the community until the disposition of their case. Decisions to revoke pretrial supervision are generally the responsibility of a court..

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following:

INCLUDE	People on citation release (i.e., were never booked)
INCLUDE	People released from jail or otherwise not held pretrial on the condition of supervision (including electronic monitoring, home confinement, traditional supervision, etc.)
INCLUDE	People released from jail or otherwise not held pretrial due to statutory requirement
INCLUDE	People supervised as part of a pre-adjudication specialty or problem-solving court program (e.g., drug court)
INCLUDE	People on pretrial supervision who are incarcerated on a hold pending resolution of a violation or revocation
EXCLUDE	People on pretrial supervision who are also on another form of supervision

Other Community Supervision Definition

Justice Counts description: People who are under a type of community supervision, by a public or private agency, that is not probation, parole, or pretrial.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following:

INCLUDE	People sentenced to a period of other community supervision in lieu of incarceration (including to electronic monitoring, home confinement, traditional supervision, etc.)
INCLUDE	People sentenced to a determinate period of other community supervision after a period of incarceration (including to electronic monitoring, home confinement, traditional supervision, etc.)
INCLUDE	People on other community supervision as part of a post-adjudication specialty or problem-solving court program (e.g., drug court)
INCLUDE	People approved by a parole board or similar entity for early conditional release from incarceration to other community supervision (including to electronic monitoring, home confinement, traditional supervision, etc.)
INCLUDE	People conditionally released from incarceration to other community supervision by statutory requirement (including to electronic monitoring, home confinement, traditional supervision, etc.)
INCLUDE	People on other community supervision who are temporarily confined in jail, prison, or another confinement center for a short “dip” sanction (typically less than 30 days)
INCLUDE	People on other community supervision confined for any length of time in a violation center or halfway back facility operated by the supervision agency
INCLUDE	People on other community supervision who are in jail or prison on a hold pending resolution of a violation or revocation
INCLUDE	People on other community supervision who are confined in jail or prison for a longer sanction (e.g., more than 30 days, 120 days, 6 months, etc.)
INCLUDE	People on other community supervision who are incarcerated on a hold pending resolution of a violation or revocation
INCLUDE	People on supervision in another jurisdiction who are supervised by the agency through interstate compact, intercounty compact, or other mutual supervision agreement
INCLUDE	People on other community supervision who are also on another form of supervision
EXCLUDE	People on other community supervision who have not been sentenced but are supervised in the community prior to the resolution of their case
EXCLUDE	People on other community supervision in a pre-adjudication specialty or problem-solving court program (e.g., drug court, etc.)

6.1 Funding

Preferred sharing frequency: Annually
Preferred time period: Fiscal year

Metric description: The amount of funding for the operation and maintenance of prison facilities and the care of people who are incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the agency.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

Funding timeframe and spend-down
INCLUDE	Funding for single fiscal year
INCLUDE	Biennium funding appropriated during the time period
INCLUDE	Multi-year appropriations that are allocated in during the time period

Funding purpose
INCLUDE	Funding for prison facility operations and maintenance
INCLUDE	Funding for operations and maintenance of other facilities within the agency’s jurisdiction (e.g., transitional housing facilities, treatment facilities, etc.)
INCLUDE	Funding for construction or rental of new prison facilities
INCLUDE	Funding for agency-run or contracted treatment and programming
INCLUDE	Funding for health care for people in prison facilities
INCLUDE	Funding for prison facility staff
INCLUDE	Funding for central administrative and support staff
INCLUDE	Funding for the operation of private prison beds contracted by the agency
EXCLUDE	Funding for jail facility operations and maintenance
EXCLUDE	Funding for juvenile jail facilities
EXCLUDE	Funding for non-prison activities such as pre- or post-adjudication community supervision
EXCLUDE	Funding for law enforcement functions

6.1.1 State Appropriations

Breakdown description: The amount of funding appropriated by the state for the operation and maintenance of prison facilities and the care of people who are incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the agency.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Finalized state appropriations
EXCLUDE	Proposed state appropriations
EXCLUDE	Preliminary state appropriations
EXCLUDE	Grants from state sources that are not budget appropriations approved by the legislature/governor

6.1.2 Grants

Breakdown description: The amount of funding derived by the agency through grants and awards to be used for the operation and maintenance of prison facilities and the care of people who are incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the agency.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Local grants
INCLUDE	State grants
INCLUDE	Federal grants
INCLUDE	Private or foundation grants

6.1.3 Commissary and Fees

Breakdown description: The amount of funding the agency collected through sales and/or fees charged to people who are incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the agency or their visitors.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Sales in prison commissaries
INCLUDE	Fees charged to people who are incarcerated
INCLUDE	Fees charged to visitors of people who are incarcerated

6.1.4 Contract Beds (Funding)

Breakdown description: The amount of funding the agency collected through contracts to provide custody and care for people who are incarcerated under the jurisdiction of another agency.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Funding collected from beds contracted by county agencies
INCLUDE	Funding collected from beds contracted by state agencies
INCLUDE	Funding collected from beds contracted by federal agencies

6.1.5 Other Funding

Breakdown description: The amount of funding for the operation and maintenance of prison facilities and the care of people who are incarcerated that is not appropriated by the state, funded through grants, earned from commissary and fees, or collected from contracted beds.

If prison data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

6.1.6 Unknown Funding

Breakdown description: The amount of funding for the operation and maintenance of prison facilities and the care of people who are incarcerated for which the source is not known.

If prison data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

6.2 Expenses

Preferred sharing frequency: Annually
Preferred time period: Fiscal year

Metric description: The amount spent by the agency for the operation and maintenance of prison facilities and the care of people who are incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the agency.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

Expenses timeframe and spend-down
INCLUDE	Expenses for single fiscal year
INCLUDE	Biennium funding appropriated during the time period
INCLUDE	Multi-year appropriations that are allocated in during the time period

Expense type
INCLUDE	Expenses for prison facility operations and maintenance
INCLUDE	Expenses for operations and maintenance of other facilities within the agency’s jurisdiction (e.g., transitional housing facilities, treatment facilities, etc.)
INCLUDE	Expenses for construction or rental of new prison facilities
INCLUDE	Expenses for agency-run or contracted treatment and programming
INCLUDE	Expenses for health care for people in prison facilities
INCLUDE	Expenses for prison facility staff
INCLUDE	Expenses for central administrative and support staff
INCLUDE	Expenses for the operation of private prison beds contracted by the agency
EXCLUDE	Expenses for jail facility operations and maintenance
EXCLUDE	Expenses for juvenile jail facilities
EXCLUDE	Expenses for non-prison activities such as pre- or post-adjudication community supervision
EXCLUDE	Expenses for law enforcement functions

6.2.1 Personnel

Breakdown description: The amount spent by the agency to employ personnel involved in the operation and maintenance of prison facilities and the care of people who are incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the agency.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Salaries
INCLUDE	Benefits
INCLUDE	Retirement contributions
INCLUDE	Costs for individuals contracted to work for the prison agency
EXCLUDE	Costs for companies or service providers contracted to support work with prison agencies

6.2.2 Training

Breakdown description: The amount spent by the agency on the training of personnel involved in the operation and maintenance of prison facilities and the care of people who are incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the agency, including any associated expenses, such as registration fees and travel costs.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Annual training
INCLUDE	Training academy
INCLUDE	Specialized training
INCLUDE	External training or professional development opportunities (e.g., conferences, classes, etc.)
EXCLUDE	Courses or programs offered at no cost to individuals or the department

6.2.3 Facilities and Equipment

Breakdown description: The amount spent by the agency for the purchase and use of the physical plant and property owned and operated by the agency and equipment used to support maintenance of prison facilities and the care of people who are incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the agency.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Prison facility operations
INCLUDE	Prison facility maintenance
INCLUDE	Prison facility renovation
INCLUDE	Prison facility construction
INCLUDE	Equipment (e.g., computers, communication, and information technology infrastructure)

6.2.4 Health Care for People Who Are Incarcerated

Breakdown description: The amount spent by the agency on medical care for people who are incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the agency.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Expenses related to the operation of prison facility infirmaries and hospitals
INCLUDE	Salaries and benefits for medical providers employed by the prison agency
INCLUDE	Contracts with providers of medical care
INCLUDE	Expenses related to physical medical care
INCLUDE	Expenses related to mental health care
EXCLUDE	Costs related to transporting people who are incarcerated to and from hospitals or other health care facilities

6.2.5 Contract Beds (Expenses)

Breakdown description: The amount spent by the agency on contracts with other agencies to provide custody and care for people who are incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the agency.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Expenses for beds contracted to county jail agencies
INCLUDE	Expenses for beds contracted to other states’ prisons agencies
INCLUDE	Expenses for beds contracted by federal agencies
INCLUDE	Expenses for beds contracted by private prison companies

6.2.6 Other Expenses

Breakdown description: The amount spent by the agency on other costs relating to the operation and maintenance of prison facilities and the care of people who are incarcerated that are not personnel, training, facilities and equipment, health care, or contract bed expenses.

If prison data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

6.2.7 Unknown Expenses

Breakdown description: The amount spent by the agency on costs relating to the operation and maintenance of prison facilities and the care of people who are incarcerated for a purpose that is not known.

If prison data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

6.3 Staff

Preferred sharing frequency: Annually
Preferred time period: Last day of the fiscal year

Metric description: The number of full-time equivalent positions budgeted for the agency for the operation and maintenance of the prison facilities and the care of people who are incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the agency.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Filled positions
INCLUDE	Staff positions budgeted but currently vacant
INCLUDE	Full-time positions
INCLUDE	Part-time positions
INCLUDE	Contracted positions
INCLUDE	Temporary positions
EXCLUDE	Volunteer positions
EXCLUDE	Intern positions

6.3.1 Security Staff

Breakdown description: The number of full-time equivalent positions that work directly with people who are incarcerated and are responsible for their custody, supervision, and monitoring.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Correctional officers (all ranks)
INCLUDE	Correctional officer supervisors
EXCLUDE	Security staff positions budgeted but currently vacant

6.3.2 Management and Operations Staff

Breakdown description: The number of full-time equivalent positions that do not work directly with people who are incarcerated but support the day-to-day operations of the agency.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Prison management (i.e., executive level staff such as the warden, chiefs, superintendents, etc.)
INCLUDE	Clerical and administrative staff
INCLUDE	Research staff
INCLUDE	Maintenance staff
EXCLUDE	Management and operations staff positions budgeted but currently vacant

6.3.3 Clinical and Medical Staff

Breakdown description: The number of full-time equivalent positions that work directly with people who are incarcerated and are responsible for their health.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Medical doctors
INCLUDE	Nurses
INCLUDE	Dentists
INCLUDE	Clinicians (e.g., substance use treatment specialists)
INCLUDE	Therapists (e.g., mental health counselors)
INCLUDE	Psychiatrists
EXCLUDE	Clinical or medical staff positions budgeted but currently vacant

6.3.4 Programmatic Staff

Breakdown description: The number of full-time equivalent positions that are not medical or clinical staff and provide services and programming to people who are incarcerated.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Vocational staff
INCLUDE	Educational staff
INCLUDE	Therapeutic and support program staff
INCLUDE	Religious or cultural program staff
INCLUDE	Restorative Justice staff
EXCLUDE	Programmatic staff volunteer positions
EXCLUDE	Programmatic staff positions budgeted but currently vacant

6.3.5 Other Staff

Breakdown description: The number of full-time equivalent positions dedicated to the operation and maintenance of prison facilities under the jurisdiction of the agency that are not security staff, management and operations staff, clinical and medical staff, or programmatic staff.

If prison data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

6.3.6 Unknown Staff

Breakdown description: The number of full-time equivalent positions dedicated to the operation and maintenance of prison facilities under the jurisdiction of the agency that are of an unknown type.

If prison data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

6.3.7 Vacant Positions (Any Staff Type)

Breakdown description: The number of full-time equivalent positions dedicated to the operation and maintenance of prison facilities under the jurisdiction of the agency of any type that are budgeted but not currently filled.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Vacant security staff positions
INCLUDE	Vacant management and operations staff positions
INCLUDE	Vacant clinical and medical staff positions
INCLUDE	Vacant programmatic staff positions
INCLUDE	Other vacant staff positions
INCLUDE	Vacant staff positions of unknown type
EXCLUDE	Filled positions

Note regarding staff vacancy

Vacancy by staff type is an issue that all subcommittees have raised as critical to consider for inclusion in the Tier 2 metrics and has been included on initial voting slates for consideration. Tier 2 metrics are scheduled to be released in May 2023.

6.4 Admissions

Preferred sharing frequency: Monthly
Preferred time period: First day of calendar month to last day of calendar month

Metric description: The number of admission events to agency’s prison jurisdiction.

Admissions are based on the number of events in which a person was incarcerated in a prison facility, not the number of individual people who entered the facility. If the same person was admitted to prison three times in a time period, it would count as three admissions.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Admissions to prison for a new prison sentence
INCLUDE	Admissions to prison for a parole board hold
INCLUDE	Admissions to prison to serve a suspended sentence of prison incarceration
INCLUDE	Admissions to prison to serve a split sentence of prison incarceration
INCLUDE	Admissions to prison to serve a shock probation sentence
INCLUDE	Admissions to prison to serve a probation supervision incarceration sanction
INCLUDE	Admissions to prison due to a revocation of post-adjudication community supervision sentence (i.e., probation, parole, or other community supervision sentence type)
INCLUDE	Admissions to prison due to a post-adjudication incarceration sanction imposed by a community supervision agency (e.g., a “dip,” “dunk,” or weekend sentence)
INCLUDE	Admissions to prison due to a post-adjudication incarceration sanction imposed by a specialty, treatment, or problem-solving court (e.g., a “dip,” “dunk,” or weekend sentence)
INCLUDE	Admissions to prison for revocation of parole supervision
INCLUDE	Admissions to prison from Absent Without Leave (AWOL) status or escape status
INCLUDE	Admissions to prison from jail(s) that are under the jurisdiction of the agency
INCLUDE	Admissions to prison from jail(s) that are outside of the jurisdiction of the agency
INCLUDE	Admissions to private prison facilities contracted with the agency
INCLUDE	Admissions to prison from prison facilities in other states that are not under the jurisdiction of the agency (e.g., interstate transfer)
EXCLUDE	Admissions to prison from temporary absences (e.g., from court, hospital, furlough, work release)
EXCLUDE	Admissions to prison due to transfers between prison facilities in the same state
EXCLUDE	Admissions to prison due to a pre-adjudication federal hold for U.S. Marshals Service, Federal Bureau of Prisons, or U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
EXCLUDE	Admissions to prison due to a pre-adjudication federal hold for a Tribal Nation or the Bureau of Indian Affairs
EXCLUDE	Admissions to prison for people awaiting hearings for failure to appear in court or court-ordered programs
EXCLUDE	Admissions to prison due to failure to pay fines or fees ordered by civil or criminal courts

6.4.1 Admissions for Person Offenses

Breakdown description: The number of admission events to the jurisdiction of the prison agency for which the most serious offense was a crime against a person.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Aggravated assault
INCLUDE	Simple assault
INCLUDE	Intimidation
INCLUDE	Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter
INCLUDE	Negligent manslaughter
INCLUDE	Human trafficking, commercial sex acts
INCLUDE	Human trafficking, involuntary servitude
INCLUDE	Kidnapping/abduction
INCLUDE	Rape
INCLUDE	Sodomy
INCLUDE	Sexual assault with an object
INCLUDE	Fondling
INCLUDE	Incest
INCLUDE	Statutory rape
INCLUDE	Robbery
EXCLUDE	Justifiable homicide

6.4.2 Admissions for Property Offenses

Breakdown description: The number of admission events to the jurisdiction of the prison agency for which the most serious offense was a property offense.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Arson
INCLUDE	Bribery
INCLUDE	Burglary/breaking and entering
INCLUDE	Counterfeiting/forgery
INCLUDE	Destruction/damage/vandalism of property
INCLUDE	Embezzlement
INCLUDE	Extortion/blackmail
INCLUDE	False pretenses/swindle/confidence game
INCLUDE	Credit card/automated teller machine fraud
INCLUDE	Impersonation
INCLUDE	Welfare fraud
INCLUDE	Wire fraud
INCLUDE	Identity theft
INCLUDE	Hacking/computer invasion
INCLUDE	Pocket-picking
INCLUDE	Purse-snatching
INCLUDE	Shoplifting
INCLUDE	Theft from building
INCLUDE	Theft from coin-operated machine or device
INCLUDE	Theft from motor vehicle
INCLUDE	Theft of motor vehicle parts or accessories
INCLUDE	All other larceny
INCLUDE	Motor vehicle theft
INCLUDE	Stolen property offenses
EXCLUDE	Robbery

6.4.3 Admissions for Public Order Offenses

Breakdown description: The number of admission events to the jurisdiction of the prison agency for which the most serious offense was a public order offense.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Animal cruelty
INCLUDE	Import violations
INCLUDE	Export violations
INCLUDE	Federal liquor offenses
INCLUDE	Federal tobacco offenses
INCLUDE	Wildlife trafficking
INCLUDE	Espionage
INCLUDE	Money laundering
INCLUDE	Harboring escapee/concealing from arrest
INCLUDE	Flight to avoid prosecution
INCLUDE	Flight to avoid deportation
INCLUDE	Betting/wagering
INCLUDE	Operating/promoting/assisting gambling
INCLUDE	Gambling equipment violations
INCLUDE	Sports tampering
INCLUDE	Illegal entry into the United States
INCLUDE	False citizenship
INCLUDE	Smuggling aliens
INCLUDE	Re-entry after deportation
INCLUDE	Pornography/obscene material
INCLUDE	Prostitution
INCLUDE	Assisting or promoting prostitution
INCLUDE	Purchasing prostitution
INCLUDE	Treason
INCLUDE	Weapon law violations
INCLUDE	Violation of National Firearm Act of 1934
INCLUDE	Weapons of mass destruction
INCLUDE	Explosives
INCLUDE	Failure to appear
INCLUDE	Curfew/loitering/vagrancy violations
INCLUDE	Disorderly conduct
INCLUDE	Driving under the influence
INCLUDE	Family offenses, nonviolent
INCLUDE	Federal resource violations
INCLUDE	Liquor law violations
INCLUDE	Perjury
INCLUDE	Trespass of real property
EXCLUDE	Drug/narcotic violations
EXCLUDE	Drug equipment violations
EXCLUDE	Drug sales
EXCLUDE	Drug distribution
EXCLUDE	Drug manufacturing
EXCLUDE	Drug smuggling
EXCLUDE	Drug production
EXCLUDE	Drug possession

6.4.4 Admissions for Drug Offenses

Breakdown description: The number of admission events to the jurisdiction of the prison agency for which the most serious offense was a drug offense.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Drug/narcotic violations
INCLUDE	Drug equipment violations
INCLUDE	Drug sales
INCLUDE	Drug distribution
INCLUDE	Drug manufacturing
INCLUDE	Drug smuggling
INCLUDE	Drug production
INCLUDE	Drug possession

6.4.5 Admissions for Other Offenses

Breakdown description: The number of admission events to jurisdiction of the prison agency for which the most serious offense was for another type of offense that was not a person offense, a property offense, a drug offense, or a public order offense.

If prison data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

6.4.6 Admissions for Unknown Offenses

Breakdown description: The number of admission events to the jurisdiction of the prison agency for which the most serious offense is not known.

If prison data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

6.5 Daily Population

Preferred sharing frequency: Monthly
Preferred time period: Last day of calendar month

Metric description: A single day count of the number of people incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the prison agency.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	People in state prison, penitentiary, or correctional institutions
INCLUDE	People in boot camps
INCLUDE	People in reception, diagnostic, and classification centers
INCLUDE	People in release centers
INCLUDE	People in drug and alcohol treatment facilities for people in prison
INCLUDE	People in prison-run halfway houses and transitional housing
INCLUDE	People in the prison agency's jurisdiction and held in local jail
INCLUDE	People in the prison agency’s jurisdiction and held in private prison facilities
INCLUDE	People in the prison agency’s jurisdiction and held in other states’ prison facilities
INCLUDE	People who are temporarily absent for less than 30 days (e.g., furlough, hospital, work release)
EXCLUDE	People who have not been convicted of committing crime(s) but are being held by the agency

6.5.1 Daily Population of People in Prison for Person Offenses

Breakdown description: A single day count of the number of people incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the prison agency whose most serious offense was an offense against a person.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Aggravated assault
INCLUDE	Simple assault
INCLUDE	Intimidation
INCLUDE	Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter
INCLUDE	Negligent manslaughter
INCLUDE	Human trafficking, commercial sex acts
INCLUDE	Human trafficking, involuntary servitude
INCLUDE	Kidnapping/abduction
INCLUDE	Rape
INCLUDE	Sodomy
INCLUDE	Sexual assault with an object
INCLUDE	Fondling
INCLUDE	Incest
INCLUDE	Statutory rape
INCLUDE	Robbery
EXCLUDE	Justifiable homicide

6.5.2 Daily Population of People in Prison for Property Offenses

Breakdown description: A single day count of the number of people incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the prison agency whose most serious offense was a property offense.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Arson
INCLUDE	Bribery
INCLUDE	Burglary/breaking and entering
INCLUDE	Counterfeiting/forgery
INCLUDE	Destruction/damage/vandalism of property
INCLUDE	Embezzlement
INCLUDE	Extortion/blackmail
INCLUDE	False pretenses/swindle/confidence game
INCLUDE	Credit card/automated teller machine fraud
INCLUDE	Impersonation
INCLUDE	Welfare fraud
INCLUDE	Wire fraud
INCLUDE	Identity theft
INCLUDE	Hacking/computer invasion
INCLUDE	Pocket-picking
INCLUDE	Purse-snatching
INCLUDE	Shoplifting
INCLUDE	Theft from building
INCLUDE	Theft from coin-operated machine or device
INCLUDE	Theft from motor vehicle
INCLUDE	Theft of motor vehicle parts or accessories
INCLUDE	All other larceny
INCLUDE	Motor vehicle theft
INCLUDE	Stolen property offenses
EXCLUDE	Robbery

6.5.3 Daily Population of People in Prison for Public Order Offenses

Breakdown description: A single day count of the number of people incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the prison agency whose most serious offense was a public order offense.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Animal cruelty
INCLUDE	Import violations
INCLUDE	Export violations
INCLUDE	Federal liquor offenses
INCLUDE	Federal tobacco offenses
INCLUDE	Wildlife trafficking
INCLUDE	Espionage
INCLUDE	Money laundering
INCLUDE	Harboring escapee/concealing from arrest
INCLUDE	Flight to avoid prosecution
INCLUDE	Flight to avoid deportation
INCLUDE	Betting/wagering
INCLUDE	Operating/promoting/assisting gambling
INCLUDE	Gambling equipment violations
INCLUDE	Sports tampering
INCLUDE	Illegal entry into the United States
INCLUDE	False citizenship
INCLUDE	Smuggling aliens
INCLUDE	Re-entry after deportation
INCLUDE	Pornography/obscene material
INCLUDE	Prostitution
INCLUDE	Assisting or promoting prostitution
INCLUDE	Purchasing prostitution
INCLUDE	Treason
INCLUDE	Weapon law violations
INCLUDE	Violation of National Firearm Act of 1934
INCLUDE	Weapons of mass destruction
INCLUDE	Explosives
INCLUDE	Failure to appear
INCLUDE	Curfew/loitering/vagrancy violations
INCLUDE	Disorderly conduct
INCLUDE	Driving under the influence
INCLUDE	Family offenses, nonviolent
INCLUDE	Federal resource violations
INCLUDE	Liquor law violations
INCLUDE	Perjury
INCLUDE	Trespass of real property
EXCLUDE	Drug/narcotic violations
EXCLUDE	Drug equipment violations
EXCLUDE	Drug sales
EXCLUDE	Drug distribution
EXCLUDE	Drug manufacturing
EXCLUDE	Drug smuggling
EXCLUDE	Drug production
EXCLUDE	Drug possession

6.5.4 Daily Population of People in Prison for Drug Offenses

Breakdown description: A single day count of the number of people incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the prison agency whose most serious offense was a drug offense.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Drug/narcotic violations
INCLUDE	Drug equipment violations
INCLUDE	Drug sales
INCLUDE	Drug distribution
INCLUDE	Drug manufacturing
INCLUDE	Drug smuggling
INCLUDE	Drug production
INCLUDE	Drug possession

6.5.5 Daily Population of People in Prison for Other Offenses

Breakdown description: A single day count of the number of people incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the prison agency whose most serious offense was not a person offense, property offense, public order offense, or drug offense.

If prison data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

6.5.6 Daily Population of People in Prison for Unknown Offenses

Breakdown description: A single day count of the number of people incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the prison agency whose most serious offense was unknown.

If prison data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

6.6 Daily Population by Race and Ethnicity

Preferred sharing frequency: Monthly
Preferred time period: Last day of calendar month

Metric description: A single day count of the number of people incarcerated in the agency’s prison jurisdiction disaggregated by race and ethnicity.

The definition of daily population configured in the Daily Population metric will be applied to this section.

See Race and Ethnicity for detailed guidance on how to share data disaggregated by race and ethnicity with Justice Counts.

6.7 Daily Population by Biological Sex

Preferred sharing frequency: Monthly
Preferred time period: Last day of calendar month

Metric description: A single day count of the number of people incarcerated in the agency’s prison jurisdiction disaggregated by biological sex.

The definition of daily population configured above will be applied to this section.

6.7.1 Male Biological Sex

Breakdown description: A single day count of the number of people who are incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the prison agency whose biological sex is male.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Male biological sex
EXCLUDE	Unknown biological sex

6.7.2 Female Biological Sex

Breakdown description: A single day count of the number of people who are incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the prison agency whose biological sex is female.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Female biological sex
EXCLUDE	Unknown biological sex

6.7.3 Unknown Biological Sex

Breakdown description: A single day count of the number of people who are incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the prison agency whose biological sex is not known.

If prison data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

Note about gender identity metrics

Justice Counts is working to determine the best way to account for gender identity through this initiative. More information is forthcoming in early 2023.

Justice Counts recognizes that there is significant variation across prisons for how, when, and by whom those data are collected and recorded. Therefore, in addition to configuring race and ethnicity definitions, prison agencies should also share information regarding the method of data collection for biological sex.

Each agency can indicate the origin of biological sex data:

Yes/No	Data are collected and recorded by a law enforcement agency and are applied unchanged by the agency
Yes/No	Data are collected and recorded by a law enforcement agency and are amended upon receipt by the agency
Yes/No	Data are collected and recorded by the agency at intake
Yes/No	Data are collected and recorded by a criminal justice agency other than a law enforcement agency and are applied unchanged by the agency
Yes/No	Data are collected and recorded by a criminal justice agency other than a law enforcement agency and are amended upon receipt by the agency

Each agency can indicate the method of data collection for biological sex data:

Yes/No	People entering prison self-report their biological sex
Yes/No	Prison staff make determinations about biological sex for people entering prison
Yes/No	It is not known how biological sex data is collected

6.8 Releases

Preferred sharing frequency: Monthly
Preferred time period: First day of calendar month to last day of calendar month

Metric description: The number of release events from the jurisdiction of the prison agency following a period of incarceration.

Releases are based on the number of events in which a person was released from the jurisdiction of the agency, not the number of individual people released. If the same person was released from prison three times in a time period, it would count as three releases.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	People released to the community after completing a prison incarceration sentence
INCLUDE	People released to the community after the decision of a parole board
INCLUDE	People transferred to a prison in another jurisdiction (state or federal)
INCLUDE	People who died while under the agency’s jurisdiction
INCLUDE	People who escaped or who are AWOL from the agency’s jurisdiction
EXCLUDE	People who transferred to another facility within the agency’s jurisdiction
EXCLUDE	People who are temporarily transferred out of the agency’s facilities (to court, hospital, etc.)
EXCLUDE	People who are temporarily absent from the agency’s facilities for less than 30 days

6.8.1 Releases from Prison to Probation Supervision

Breakdown description: The number of release events from the agency’s prison jurisdiction to probation supervision.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Releases to an additional probation sentence after completing a prison sentence
INCLUDE	Releases back to probation after a prison incarceration probation sanction
INCLUDE	Releases to probation to serve a split or on-and-after sentence
INCLUDE	Releases to probation after a shock probation sentence
INCLUDE	Releases to probation in the jurisdiction of another state

6.8.2 Releases from Prison to Parole Supervision

Breakdown description: The number of release events from the agency’s prison jurisdiction to parole supervision.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Releases back to parole after a prison incarceration parole sanction
INCLUDE	Releases to parole at eligibility for release from prison
INCLUDE	Releases to parole due to commuted or lowered sentence
INCLUDE	Releases to parole or re-parole in the jurisdiction of another state

6.8.3 Releases from Prison to Other Community Supervision That Is Not Probation or Parole

Breakdown description: The number of release events from the agency’s prison jurisdiction to another form of community supervision that is not probation or parole.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Releases to other community supervision agency
INCLUDE	Releases to dual or concurrent supervision with more than one community supervision agency

6.8.4 Releases from Prison to No Additional Correctional Control

Breakdown description: The number of release events from the agency’s prison jurisdiction with no additional correctional control.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Releases due to sentence completion, no post-release supervision
INCLUDE	Releases due to exoneration after conviction

6.8.5 Releases from Prison Due to Death

Breakdown description: The number of release events from the agency’s prison jurisdiction due to death of people in its jurisdiction.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Releases due to death of people in custody
INCLUDE	Releases due to death of people in custody who were temporarily absent (e.g., hospital, court, work release)

6.8.6 Other Releases from Prison

Breakdown description: The number of release events from the agency’s prison jurisdiction that are not releases to probation supervision, to parole supervision, to other community supervision, with no additional correctional control, or due to death.

If prison data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

6.8.7 Unknown Releases from Prison

Breakdown description: The number of release events from the agency’s prison jurisdiction where the release type is not known.

6.9 Readmissions

Preferred sharing frequency: Annually
Preferred time period: First day of calendar year to last day of calendar year

Metric description: The number of admission events to the agency’s prison jurisdiction of people who were incarcerated in the agency’s jurisdiction within the previous three years (1,096 days).

For instance, if a person admitted on June 23, 2022, had been incarcerated at any time between June 23, 2019, and June 22, 2022, it would count as a readmission. This metric is based on admission events, so if the same person is readmitted three times in a time period, it would count as three readmissions.

The definition of admissions configured in the Admissions metric will be applied to this section.

6.9.1 Readmissions for a New Conviction

Breakdown description: The number of reincarceration events due to new criminal conviction and sentence to prison of people who were incarcerated in the agency’s jurisdiction within three years (1,096 days) prior to their current admission.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	People with new prison sentences
INCLUDE	People with new split sentences
EXCLUDE	People revoked from any form of supervision due to a new criminal offense that do not have a new criminal conviction
EXCLUDE	People revoked from any form of supervision due to a new criminal conviction

6.9.2 Readmissions from Probation

Breakdown description: The number of admissions due to probation hold, sanction, or revocation to the agency’s prison jurisdiction of people who were incarcerated in the agency’s jurisdiction within three years (1,096 days) prior to their current admission.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	People on a probation hold pending a hearing
INCLUDE	People on probation serving an incarceration sanction
INCLUDE	People revoked from probation for technical violation(s)
INCLUDE	People revoked from probation for a new criminal offense that do not have a new criminal conviction
INCLUDE	People revoked from probation for a new criminal conviction

6.9.3 Readmissions from Parole

Breakdown description: The number of reincarceration events due to parole hold, sanction, or revocation to the agency’s prison jurisdiction of people who were incarcerated in the agency’s jurisdiction within three years (1,096 days) prior to their current admission.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	People on a parole hold pending a hearing
INCLUDE	People on parole serving an incarceration sanction
INCLUDE	People revoked from parole for technical violation(s)
INCLUDE	People revoked from parole due to a new criminal offense that do not have a new criminal conviction
INCLUDE	People revoked from parole due to a new criminal conviction
INCLUDE	People transferred from parole in another jurisdiction

6.9.4 Readmissions from Other Community Supervision

Breakdown description: The number of reincarceration events due to other community supervision hold, sanction, or revocation to prison of people who were incarcerated in the agency’s jurisdiction within three years (1,096 days) prior to their current admission.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	People on a hold pending a hearing for another community supervision type
INCLUDE	People on other community supervision serving an incarceration sanction
INCLUDE	People revoked from other community supervision for technical violation(s)
INCLUDE	People revoked from other community supervision for a new criminal offense that do not have a new criminal conviction
INCLUDE	People revoked from other community supervision for a new criminal conviction

6.9.5 Other Readmissions

Breakdown description: The number of reincarceration events which were not admissions for a new conviction, admissions for a return from probation, or admissions for a return from parole, but another admission to the agency’s prison jurisdiction of people who were incarcerated in the agency’s jurisdiction within three years (1,096 days) prior to their current admission.

If prison data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

6.9.6 Unknown Readmissions

Breakdown description: The number of reincarceration events for an unknown reason, to the agency’s prison jurisdiction of people who were incarcerated in the agency’s jurisdiction within three years (1,096 days) prior to their current admission.

If prison data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

6.10 Use of Force Incidents

Preferred sharing frequency: Annually
Preferred time period: First day of calendar year to last day of calendar year

Metric description: The number of incidents in which agency staff use physical force to gain compliance from or control of a person who is under the agency’s jurisdiction.

Incidents represent unique events where force was used, not the number of people or staff involved in those events.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Incidents involving physical force
INCLUDE	Incidents involving the use of restraining devices (e.g., handcuffs, leg irons)
INCLUDE	Incidents involving the use of weapons
INCLUDE	Incidents involving the use of other types of force
INCLUDE	Incidents found to be justified
INCLUDE	Incidents not found to be justified
INCLUDE	Incidents that are spontaneous (e.g., responses to emergent situations)
INCLUDE	Incidents that are planned (e.g., controlling a person for search or safety)
EXCLUDE	Use of restraints during routine operations and movement of people in the agency’s jurisdiction that follows jurisdiction policy and standard operating procedures

6.11 Grievances Upheld

Preferred sharing frequency: Annually
Preferred time period: First day of calendar year to last day of calendar year

Metric description: The number of complaints from people who are incarcerated under the agency’s prison jurisdiction received via the process described in the institution’s grievance policy, which were resolved in a way that affirmed the complaint.

Count grievances in the time period in which they were resolved, not when they were received or occurred. For instance, if a complaint was received on November 8, 2021, and resolved on January 14, 2022, that grievance would be counted in 2022.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Grievances upheld or substantiated
INCLUDE	Grievances resulting in a remedy (e.g., apology, policy change)
EXCLUDE	Grievances unsubstantiated
EXCLUDE	Grievances pending resolution
EXCLUDE	Grievances submitted informally or not in writing
EXCLUDE	Duplicate grievances
EXCLUDE	Grievances filed by other people who are not incarcerated in the agency’s facilities (e.g., visitors)
EXCLUDE	Grievances filed by staff employed by the agency

6.11.1 Living Conditions

Breakdown description: The number of grievances upheld that relate to the living conditions of people who are incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the agency.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Grievances related to classification of a person under the agency’s jurisdiction
INCLUDE	Grievances related to the use of administrative segregation
INCLUDE	Grievances related to the use of disciplinary segregation
INCLUDE	Grievances related to overcrowding
INCLUDE	Grievances related to unsanitary conditions in the facility in general (i.e., not specific to living conditions)
INCLUDE	Grievances related to food
INCLUDE	Grievances related to facility maintenance issues
INCLUDE	Grievances related to testing bodily fluids
INCLUDE	Grievances related to body searches
INCLUDE	Grievances related to personal property

6.11.2 Personal Safety

Breakdown description: The number of grievances upheld that relate to the personal safety of people who are incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the agency.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Grievances related to physical harm or threats of physical harm by staff
INCLUDE	Grievances related to physical harm or threats of physical harm by another person under the agency’s jurisdiction
INCLUDE	Grievances related to emotional harm or threats of emotional harm by staff
INCLUDE	Grievances related to emotional harm or threats of emotional harm by another person under the agency’s jurisdiction
INCLUDE	Grievances related to harassment by staff
INCLUDE	Grievances related to harassment by another person under the agency’s jurisdiction
INCLUDE	Grievances related to the Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA)

6.11.3 Discrimination, Racial Bias, or Religious Practices

Breakdown description: The number of grievances upheld that relate to acts of discrimination toward, racial bias against, or interference of religious practices of people who are incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the agency.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Grievances related to discrimination or racial bias by staff
INCLUDE	Grievances related to discrimination or racial bias by another person under the agency’s jurisdiction
INCLUDE	Grievances related to the ability of a person under the agency’s jurisdiction to practice or observe their religious beliefs
INCLUDE	Grievances related to the ability of the person under the agency’s jurisdiction to practice or observe their religious beliefs levied at other people incarcerated in the agency’s jurisdiction

6.11.4 Access to Health Care

Breakdown description: The number of grievances upheld that relate to the accessibility of health care to people who are incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the agency.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Grievances related to denial of care by medical or correctional personnel
INCLUDE	Grievances related to lack of timely health care
INCLUDE	Grievances against medical staff
INCLUDE	Grievances related to reproductive health care
INCLUDE	Grievances related to confidentiality or privacy issues
INCLUDE	Grievances related to medication
INCLUDE	Grievances related to medical equipment

6.11.5 Legal

Breakdown description: The number of grievances upheld that relate to access to the legal process among people who are incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the agency.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if prison data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Grievances related to access to legal facilities
INCLUDE	Grievances related to access to legal materials
INCLUDE	Grievances related to access to legal services
INCLUDE	Grievances related to access to legal property
INCLUDE	Grievances related to access to legal communication

6.11.6 Other Grievance

Breakdown description: The number of grievances upheld that relate to another issue or concern that is not related to living conditions; personal safety; discrimination, racial bias, or religious practices; access to health care; or legal concerns.

If prison data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

6.11.7 Unknown Grievance

Breakdown description: The number of grievances upheld that relate to an issue or concern that is not known.

If prison data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.