Justice Counts Technical Implementation Guide

Data Characteristics

The digital infrastructure allows agencies in different types of corrections systems to define the functions of their system.

For all jails-related metrics, agencies should share data relating to all people who are incarcerated under their jurisdiction. Following the definition set by the U.S. Department of Justice’s Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), Justice Counts defines community supervision, jail, and prison as follows:

Community Supervision: supervision of people convicted of crimes in the resident population, as opposed to confined in secure correctional facilities. The two main types of community corrections supervision are probation and parole.
Jail: locally operated, short-term correctional facilities that hold people awaiting trial or sentencing or both, and people sentenced to a term of less than 1 year, typically people convicted of misdemeanor offenses.
Prison: longer-term correctional facilities run by the state or the federal government that typically hold people convicted of felonies and persons with sentences of more than 1 year. Definitions may vary by state (Justice Counts data does not include federal prison population data).

There will be opportunities to share data for some metrics disaggregated by pre- and post-adjudication populations. You will also have an opportunity to define each of these populations for your agency. Once configured, the definitions you select for each jail incarceration type will be applied to any metrics you populate. For example, if you define your jail population as including only people who are post-adjudication and serving jail sentences, that definition will carry over to metrics like daily population or daily population by race and ethnicity or daily population by biological sex. If an agency cannot disaggregate data by pre-and post-adjudication populations, data should be shared in the post-adjudication metric. If a metric does not distinguish between pre- and post-adjudication populations, data should be shared for both.

For agencies in unified corrections systems

Whenever possible, agencies should share only data related to jails in “Jail” metrics and share only data related to prison functions separately in “Prison” metrics. We understand that it may not be possible to disaggregate metrics such as funding, expenses, and staff when they are shared across agency functions. In instances where jails and prisons data cannot be disaggregated, please share combined data for jails and prisons in “Prison” metrics and leave “Jail” metrics blank. For metrics showing combined data, please add a contextual note when prompted to explain that the figures include data for multiple Justice Counts sectors.

Global Definitions

To make configuring metrics as easy as possible, some concepts can be defined once at the outset of onboarding and then applied throughout the rest of your metrics configuration. These concepts include the definition of pre-adjudication populations, post-adjudication populations, person charges/offense, property charges/offenses, drug charges/offenses, public order charges/offenses, other charges/offenses, unknown charges/offenses, race and ethnicity, biological sex, and release type.

Pre-adjudication Jail Population

Justice Counts description: People who are incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the agency at any point prior to the resolution of their case.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following:

INCLUDE	People in jail awaiting arraignment
INCLUDE	People in jail due to unpaid bail
INCLUDE	People in jail due to denial of bail
INCLUDE	People in jail due to revocation of bail
INCLUDE	People in jail pending assessment of capacity to stand trial
INCLUDE	People who have been transferred to a hospital for a capacity assessment but are still counted in jail population
INCLUDE	People in jail to be held pending outcome of pretrial revocation decision
INCLUDE	People in jail due to revocation of pretrial release
INCLUDE	People in jail due to a pretrial supervision incarceration sanction
INCLUDE	People in jail due to a pre-adjudication federal hold for U.S. Marshals Service, Federal Bureau of Prisons, or U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
INCLUDE	People in jail due to a pre-adjudication federal hold for a Tribal Nation or the Bureau of Indian Affairs
INCLUDE	People held awaiting hearings for failure to appear in court or court-ordered programs
INCLUDE	People held due to failure to pay fines or fees ordered by civil or criminal courts
INCLUDE	People held for other state or county jurisdictions
EXCLUDE	People in jail to serve a sentence of jail incarceration
EXCLUDE	People in jail to serve a split sentence of jail incarceration
EXCLUDE	People in jail to serve a suspended sentence of jail incarceration
EXCLUDE	People in jail due to a revocation of post-adjudication community supervision sentence (i.e., probation, parole, or other community supervision sentence type)
EXCLUDE	People in jail due to a post-adjudication incarceration sanction imposed by a community supervision agency (e.g., a “dip,” “dunk,” or weekend sentence)
EXCLUDE	People in jail due to a post-adjudication incarceration sanction imposed by a specialty, treatment, or problem-solving court (e.g., a “dip,” “dunk,” or weekend sentence)

Post-adjudication Jail Population

Justice Counts description: People who are convicted of committing a crime(s) and sentenced by a court, magistrate, or other adjudicating body to serve a period of incarceration in jail.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following:

INCLUDE	People in jail to serve a sentence of jail incarceration
INCLUDE	People in jail to serve a state prison sentence
INCLUDE	People in jail to serve a split sentence of jail incarceration
INCLUDE	People in jail to serve a suspended sentence of jail incarceration
INCLUDE	People in jail due to a revocation of post-adjudication community supervision sentence (i.e., probation, parole, or other community supervision sentence type)
INCLUDE	People in jail due to a post-adjudication incarceration sanction imposed by a community supervision agency (e.g., a “dip,” “dunk,” or weekend sentence)
INCLUDE	People in jail due to a post-adjudication incarceration sanction imposed by a specialty, treatment, or problem-solving court (e.g., a “dip,” “dunk,” or weekend sentence)
EXCLUDE	People in jail awaiting arraignment
EXCLUDE	People in jail due to unpaid bail
EXCLUDE	People in jail due to denial of bail
EXCLUDE	People in jail due to revocation of bail
EXCLUDE	People in jail pending assessment of capacity to stand trial
EXCLUDE	People who have been transferred to a hospital for a capacity assessment but are still counted in jail population
EXCLUDE	People in jail to be held pending outcome of pretrial revocation decision
EXCLUDE	People in jail due to revocation of pretrial release
EXCLUDE	People in jail due to a pretrial supervision incarceration sanction
EXCLUDE	People in jail due to a pre-adjudication federal hold for U.S. Marshals Service, Federal Bureau of Prisons, or U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
EXCLUDE	People in jail due to a pre-adjudication federal hold for a Tribal Nation or the Bureau of Indian Affairs
EXCLUDE	People held awaiting hearings for failure to appear in court or court-ordered programs
EXCLUDE	People held due to failure to pay fines or fees ordered by civil or criminal courts
EXCLUDE	People held for other state or county jurisdictions

Note regarding charge/offense type breakdowns

The offense categories described below align with the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) offense classifications and definitions, with two exceptions: 1) Justice Counts continues to recommend counting robbery as a person offense, rather than property, though agencies can choose to comply with the NIBRS change in that categorization, and 2) the NIBRS “Crime Against Society” category has been split into two groups: public order offenses and drug offenses. For incidents in which there were multiple offenses, please apply a hierarchy rule and share data according to the most serious offense (as determined by the agency). If your agency does not have a hierarchy rule, we recommend following the summary reporting model of crimes against persons considered most serious, followed by crimes against property, public order offenses, and drug offenses. Also note that the terminology in these offense categories is drawn directly from NIBRS and does not necessarily reflect the preferred language and values of the CSG Justice Center.

Person Charges/Offenses

Justice Counts description: People or events for which the most serious charge or offense associated was a crime against a person.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following:

INCLUDE	Aggravated assault
INCLUDE	Simple assault
INCLUDE	Intimidation
INCLUDE	Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter
INCLUDE	Negligent manslaughter
INCLUDE	Human trafficking, commercial sex acts
INCLUDE	Human trafficking, involuntary servitude
INCLUDE	Kidnapping/abduction
INCLUDE	Rape
INCLUDE	Sodomy
INCLUDE	Sexual assault with an object
INCLUDE	Fondling
INCLUDE	Incest
INCLUDE	Statutory rape
INCLUDE	Robbery
EXCLUDE	Justifiable homicide

Property Charges/Offenses

Justice Counts description: People or events for which the most serious charge or offense associated was a property crime.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following:

INCLUDE	Arson
INCLUDE	Bribery
INCLUDE	Burglary/breaking and entering
INCLUDE	Counterfeiting/forgery
INCLUDE	Destruction/damage/vandalism of property
INCLUDE	Embezzlement
INCLUDE	Extortion/blackmail
INCLUDE	False pretenses/swindle/confidence game
INCLUDE	Credit card/automated teller machine fraud
INCLUDE	Impersonation
INCLUDE	Welfare fraud
INCLUDE	Wire fraud
INCLUDE	Identity theft
INCLUDE	Hacking/computer invasion
INCLUDE	Pocket-picking
INCLUDE	Purse-snatching
INCLUDE	Shoplifting
INCLUDE	Theft from building
INCLUDE	Theft from coin-operated machine or device
INCLUDE	Theft from motor vehicle
INCLUDE	Theft of motor vehicle parts or accessories
INCLUDE	All other larceny
INCLUDE	Motor vehicle theft
INCLUDE	Stolen property offenses
EXCLUDE	Robbery

Public Order Charges/Offenses

Justice Counts description: People or events for which the most serious charge or offense associated was a crime against a person.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following:

INCLUDE	Animal cruelty
INCLUDE	Import violations
INCLUDE	Export violations
INCLUDE	Federal liquor offenses
INCLUDE	Federal tobacco offenses
INCLUDE	Wildlife trafficking
INCLUDE	Espionage
INCLUDE	Money laundering
INCLUDE	Harboring escapee/concealing from arrest
INCLUDE	Flight to avoid prosecution
INCLUDE	Flight to avoid deportation
INCLUDE	Betting/wagering
INCLUDE	Operating/promoting/assisting gambling
INCLUDE	Gambling equipment violations
INCLUDE	Sports tampering
INCLUDE	Illegal entry into the United States
INCLUDE	False citizenship
INCLUDE	Smuggling aliens
INCLUDE	Re-entry after deportation
INCLUDE	Pornography/obscene material
INCLUDE	Prostitution
INCLUDE	Assisting or promoting prostitution
INCLUDE	Purchasing prostitution
INCLUDE	Treason
INCLUDE	Weapon law violations
INCLUDE	Violation of National Firearm Act of 1934
INCLUDE	Weapons of mass destruction
INCLUDE	Explosives
INCLUDE	Failure to appear
INCLUDE	Curfew/loitering/vagrancy violations
INCLUDE	Disorderly conduct
INCLUDE	Driving under the influence
INCLUDE	Family offenses, nonviolent
INCLUDE	Federal resource violations
INCLUDE	Liquor law violations
INCLUDE	Perjury
INCLUDE	Trespass of real property
EXCLUDE	Drug/narcotic violations
EXCLUDE	Drug equipment violations
EXCLUDE	Drug sales
EXCLUDE	Drug distribution
EXCLUDE	Drug manufacturing
EXCLUDE	Drug smuggling
EXCLUDE	Drug production
EXCLUDE	Drug possession

Drug Charges/Offenses

Justice Counts description: People or events for which the most serious charge or offense associated was a drug crime.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following:

INCLUDE	Drug/narcotic violations
INCLUDE	Drug equipment violations
INCLUDE	Drug sales
INCLUDE	Drug distribution
INCLUDE	Drug manufacturing
INCLUDE	Drug smuggling
INCLUDE	Drug production
INCLUDE	Drug possession

Other Charges/Offenses

Justice Counts description: People or events for which the most serious charge or offense associated was not a person, property, public order, or drug offense.

Unknown Charges/Offenses

Justice Counts description: People or events for which the most serious charge or offense associated was unknown.

Note regarding release type breakdowns

In order to ensure apples-to-apples metadata about the supervision status of people released from jail to the community, jail agencies should share information here regarding the definitions of types of community supervision people are released to in their jurisdictions. If, for example, a jail agency does not release people to parole supervision, they will simply opt out of that section and move on to the next set of configurations. Whenever possible, community supervision populations should not be shared in Jail metrics.

Probation Definition

Justice Counts description: People who are supervised in the community by a public or private probation agency. Probation is generally a sentence from a court that serves in lieu of incarceration. When probation follows incarceration, it differs from parole in that it does not provide early release from incarceration. Rather, it is a determinate sentence that follows a period of incarceration. Decisions to revoke probation are generally the responsibility of a court.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following:

INCLUDE	People sentenced to a period of probation in lieu of incarceration (including to electronic monitoring, home confinement, traditional supervision, etc.)
INCLUDE	People sentenced to a period of probation after a period of incarceration (including to electronic monitoring, home confinement, traditional supervision, etc.)
INCLUDE	People on probation as part of a post-adjudication specialty or problem-solving court program (e.g., drug court)
INCLUDE	People sentenced to probation who are temporarily confined in jail, prison, or another confinement center for a short “dip” sanction (typically less than 30 days)
INCLUDE	People sentenced to probation confined for any length of time in a violation center or halfway back facility operated by the supervision agency
INCLUDE	People sentenced to probation who are in jail or prison on a hold pending resolution of a violation or revocation
INCLUDE	People sentenced to probation who are confined in jail or prison for a longer sanction (e.g., more than 30 days, 120 days, 6 months, etc.)
INCLUDE	People sentenced to probation in another jurisdiction who are supervised by the agency through interstate compact, intercounty compact, or other mutual supervision agreement
EXCLUDE	People sentenced to probation who are being supervised by another jurisdiction
EXCLUDE	People who have not been sentenced but are supervised on probation in the community prior to the resolution of their case
EXCLUDE	People sentenced to probation who are also on another form of supervision
EXCLUDE	People on probation as part of a pre-adjudication specialty or problem-solving court program (e.g., drug court)

Parole Definition

Justice Counts description: People who are conditionally released from prison to serve the remainder of their sentence in the community. Parole releases may be determined by a parole board or by mandatory release according to statute. Decisions to revoke parole are generally the responsibility of a parole board.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following:

INCLUDE	People approved by a parole board or similar entity for early conditional release from incarceration to parole supervision (including to electronic monitoring, home confinement, traditional supervision, etc.)
INCLUDE	People conditionally released from incarceration to parole supervision by statutory requirement (including to electronic monitoring, home confinement, traditional supervision, etc.)
INCLUDE	People on parole who are temporarily confined in jail, prison, or another confinement center for a short “dip” sanction (typically less than 30 days)
INCLUDE	People on parole confined for any length of time in a violation center or halfway back facility operated by the supervision agency
INCLUDE	People on parole who are in jail or prison on a hold pending resolution of a violation or revocation
INCLUDE	People on parole who are confined in jail or prison for a longer sanction (e.g., more than 30 days, 120 days, 6 months, etc.)
INCLUDE	People released to parole in another jurisdiction who are supervised by the agency through interstate compact, intercounty compact, or other mutual supervision agreement
EXCLUDE	People on parole who are also on another form of supervision
EXCLUDE	People on parole who are being supervised by another jurisdiction

Pretrial Supervision Definition

Justice Counts description: People who are supervised while awaiting trial as a condition of staying in the community until the disposition of their case. Decisions to revoke pretrial supervision are generally the responsibility of a court.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following:

INCLUDE	People on citation release (i.e., were never booked)
INCLUDE	People released from jail or otherwise not held pretrial on the condition of supervision (including electronic monitoring, home confinement, traditional supervision, etc.)
INCLUDE	People released from jail or otherwise not held pretrial due to statutory requirement
INCLUDE	People supervised as part of a pre-adjudication specialty or problem-solving court program (e.g., drug court)
INCLUDE	People on pretrial supervision who are incarcerated on a hold pending resolution of a violation or revocation
EXCLUDE	People on pretrial supervision who are also on another form of supervision

Other Community Supervision Definition

Justice Counts description: People who are under a type of community supervision, by a public or private agency, that is not probation, parole, or pretrial.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following:

INCLUDE	People sentenced to a period of other community supervision in lieu of incarceration (including to electronic monitoring, home confinement, traditional supervision, etc.)
INCLUDE	People sentenced to a determinate period of other community supervision after a period of incarceration (including to electronic monitoring, home confinement, traditional supervision, etc.)
INCLUDE	People on other community supervision as part of a post-adjudication specialty or problem-solving court program (e.g., drug court)
INCLUDE	People approved by a parole board or similar entity for early conditional release from incarceration to other community supervision (including to electronic monitoring, home confinement, traditional supervision, etc.)
INCLUDE	People conditionally released from incarceration to other community supervision by statutory requirement (including to electronic monitoring, home confinement, traditional supervision, etc.)
INCLUDE	People on other community supervision who are temporarily confined in jail, prison, or another confinement center for a short “dip” sanction (typically less than 30 days)
INCLUDE	People on other community supervision confined for any length of time in a violation center or halfway back facility operated by the supervision agency
INCLUDE	People on other community supervision who are in jail or prison on a hold pending resolution of a violation or revocation
INCLUDE	People on other community supervision who are confined in jail or prison for a longer sanction (e.g., more than 30 days, 120 days, 6 months, etc.)
INCLUDE	People on other community supervision who are incarcerated on a hold pending resolution of a violation or revocation
INCLUDE	People on supervision in another jurisdiction who are supervised by the agency through interstate compact, intercounty compact, or other mutual supervision agreement
INCLUDE	People on other community supervision who are also on another form of supervision
EXCLUDE	People on other community supervision who have not been sentenced but are supervised in the community prior to the resolution of their case
EXCLUDE	People on other community supervision in a pre-adjudication specialty or problem-solving court program (e.g., drug court, etc.)

Race and Ethnicity

See Race and Ethnicity for detailed guidance on how to share data disaggregated by race and ethnicity with Justice Counts.

Male Biological Sex

Justice Counts description: A person whose biological sex is male.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following:

INCLUDE	Male biological sex
EXCLUDE	Unknown biological sex

Female Biological Sex

Breakdown description: A person whose biological sex is female.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following:

INCLUDE	Female biological sex
EXCLUDE	Unknown biological sex

Unknown Biological Sex

Breakdown description: A person whose biological sex is not known.

In addition to configuring biological sex definitions, agencies should also share information regarding the method of data collection for biological sex. Justice Counts recognizes that that there is significant variation across agencies for how, when, and by whom those data are collected and recorded.

Please indicate the origin of biological sex data for the agency:

Yes/No	Data are collected and recorded by a law enforcement agency and are applied unchanged by agency staff
Yes/No	Data are collected and recorded by a law enforcement agency and are amended upon receipt by agency staff
Yes/No	Data are collected and recorded by agency staff at intake
Yes/No	Data are collected and recorded by a criminal justice agency other than a law enforcement agency and are applied unchanged by agency staff
Yes/No	Data are collected and recorded by a criminal justice agency other than a law enforcement agency and are amended upon receipt by agency staff

Please indicate the method of data collection for biological sex data for the agency:

Yes/No	People being processed self-report biological sex data
Yes/No	Agency staff make determinations about biological sex for the people being processed
Yes/No	It is not known how biological sex data is collected

Note about gender identity metrics

Justice Counts is working to determine the best way to account for gender identity through this initiative. More information is forthcoming in early 2023.

5.1 Funding

Preferred sharing frequency: Annually
Preferred time period: First day of fiscal year to last day of fiscal year

Metric description: The amount of funding for the operation and maintenance of jail facilities and the care of people who are incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the agency.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

Funding timeframe and spend-down
INCLUDE	Funding for single fiscal year
INCLUDE	Biennium funding appropriated during the time period
INCLUDE	Multi-year appropriations that are allocated during the time period

Funding purpose
INCLUDE	Funding for jail facility operations and maintenance
INCLUDE	Funding for operations and maintenance of other facilities within the agency’s jurisdiction (e.g., transitional housing facilities, treatment facilities, etc.)
INCLUDE	Funding for construction or rental of new jail facilities
INCLUDE	Funding for agency-run or contracted treatment and programming
INCLUDE	Funding for health care for people in jail facilities
INCLUDE	Funding for jail facility staff
INCLUDE	Funding for central administrative and support staff
INCLUDE	Funding for the operation of private jail beds contracted by the agency
INCLUDE	Funding for electronic case management systems
EXCLUDE	Funding for prison facility operations and maintenance
EXCLUDE	Funding for juvenile jail facilities
EXCLUDE	Funding for non-jail activities such as pre- or post-adjudication community supervision
EXCLUDE	Funding for law enforcement functions

5.1.1 State Appropriation

Breakdown description: The amount of funding appropriated by the state for the operation and maintenance of jail facilities and the care of people who are incarcerated in jail under the jurisdiction of the agency.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Finalized state appropriations
EXCLUDE	Proposed state appropriations
EXCLUDE	Preliminary state appropriations
EXCLUDE	Grants from state sources that are not budget appropriations approved by the legislature/governor

5.1.2 County or Municipal Appropriation

Breakdown description: The amount of funding counties or municipalities appropriated for the operation and maintenance of jail facilities and the care of people who are incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the agency.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Finalized county or municipal appropriations
EXCLUDE	Proposed county or municipal appropriations
EXCLUDE	Preliminary county or municipal appropriations

5.1.3 Grants

Breakdown description: The amount of funding derived by the agency through grants and awards to be used for the operation and maintenance of jail facilities and the care of people who are incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the agency.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Local grants
INCLUDE	State grants
INCLUDE	Federal grants
INCLUDE	Private or foundation grants

5.1.4 Commissary and Fees

Breakdown description: The amount of funding the agency collected through sales and/or fees charged to people who are incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the agency or their visitors.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Sales in jail commissaries
INCLUDE	Fees charged to people who are incarcerated
INCLUDE	Fees charged to visitors of people who are incarcerated

5.1.5 Contract Beds (Funding)

Breakdown description: The amount of funding collected by the agency through contracts or per diem payment agreements to provide custody and care for people who are incarcerated under the jurisdiction of another agency.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Funding collected from beds contracted by other county agencies
INCLUDE	Funding collected from beds contracted by supervision agencies
INCLUDE	Funding collected from beds contracted by state agencies
INCLUDE	Funding collected from beds contracted by federal agencies

5.1.6 Other Funding

Breakdown description: The amount of funding for the operation and maintenance of jail facilities and the care of people who are incarcerated that is not a state appropriation, a county or municipal appropriation, grant funding, commissary and fees, or contracted beds.

If jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

5.1.7 Unknown Funding

Breakdown description: The amount of funding for the operation and maintenance of jail facilities and the care of people who are incarcerated for which the source is not known.

If jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

5.2 Expenses

Preferred sharing frequency: Annually
Preferred time period: First day of fiscal year to last day of fiscal year

Metric description: The amount the agency spent for the operation and maintenance of jail facilities and the care of people who are incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the agency.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

Expenses timeframe and spend-down
INCLUDE	Expenses for single fiscal year
INCLUDE	Biennium funding appropriated during the time period
INCLUDE	Multi-year appropriations that are allocated during the time period

Expense purpose
INCLUDE	Expenses for jail facility operations and maintenance
INCLUDE	Expenses for operations and maintenance of other facilities within the agency’s jurisdiction (e.g., transitional housing facilities, treatment facilities, etc.)
INCLUDE	Expenses for construction or rental of new jail facilities
INCLUDE	Expenses for agency-run or contracted treatment and programming
INCLUDE	Expenses for health care for people in jail facilities
INCLUDE	Expenses for jail facility staff
INCLUDE	Expenses for central administrative and support staff
INCLUDE	Expenses for the operation of private jail beds contracted by the agency
INCLUDE	Expenses for electronic case management systems
EXCLUDE	Expenses for prison facility operations and maintenance
EXCLUDE	Expenses for juvenile jail facilities
EXCLUDE	Expenses for non-jail activities such as pre- or post-adjudication community supervision
EXCLUDE	Expenses for law enforcement functions

5.2.1 Personnel

Breakdown description: The amount the agency spent to employ personnel involved in the operation and maintenance of jail facilities and the care of people who are incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the agency.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Salaries
INCLUDE	Benefits
INCLUDE	Retirement contributions
INCLUDE	Costs for individuals contracted to work in or for the jail agency
EXCLUDE	Costs for companies contracted to work in or for the jail agency

5.2.2 Training

Breakdown description: The amount spent by the agency on training personnel involved in the operation and maintenance of jail facilities and the care of people who are incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the agency.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Annual training
INCLUDE	Continuing education
INCLUDE	Training academy
INCLUDE	Specialized training
INCLUDE	External training or professional development opportunities (conferences, classes, etc.)
EXCLUDE	Courses or programs offered at no cost to individuals or the department

5.2.3 Facilities and Equipment

Breakdown description: The amount spent by the agency for the purchase and use of the physical plant and property owned and operated by the agency and equipment used to support maintenance of jail facilities and the care of people who are incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the agency.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Jail facility operations
INCLUDE	Jail facility maintenance
INCLUDE	Jail facility renovation
INCLUDE	Jail facility construction
INCLUDE	Equipment (e.g., computers, communication, and information technology infrastructure)

5.2.4 Health Care for People Who Are Incarcerated

Breakdown description: The amount spent by the agency on medical care for people who are incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the agency.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Expenses related to the operation of jail facility infirmaries and hospitals
INCLUDE	Salaries and benefits for medical providers employed by the jail agency
INCLUDE	Contracts with providers of medical care
INCLUDE	Expenses related to physical medical care
INCLUDE	Expenses related to mental health care
EXCLUDE	Costs related to transporting people who are incarcerated to and from hospitals or other health care facilities

5.2.5 Contract Beds (Expenses)

Breakdown description: The amount spent by the agency on contracts with other agencies to provide custody and care for people who are incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the agency.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Expenses for beds contracted with other jail agencies
INCLUDE	Expenses for beds contracted with state agencies (i.e., in state prisons)
INCLUDE	Expenses for beds contracted with federal agencies (i.e., in federal prisons)
INCLUDE	Expenses for beds contracted with private prison companies

5.2.6 Other Expenses

Breakdown description: The amount spent by the agency on other costs relating to the operation and maintenance of jail facilities and the care of people who are incarcerated that are not personnel, training, facilities and equipment, health care for people who are incarcerated, or contract beds.

If jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

5.2.7 Unknown Expenses

Breakdown description: The amount spent by the agency on other costs relating to the operation and maintenance of jail facilities and the care of people who are incarcerated for a purpose that is not known.

If jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

5.3 Staff

Preferred sharing frequency: Annually
Preferred time period: Last day of fiscal year

Metric description: The number of full-time equivalent (FTE) positions budgeted and paid for by the agency for the operation and maintenance of the jail facilities and the care of people who are incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the agency.

Staff positions should only be counted once per FTE. If one FTE position has job functions that span more than one type of role, please count that FTE position in the role with the largest percentage of job functions.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Filled positions
INCLUDE	Staff positions budgeted but currently vacant
INCLUDE	Full-time positions
INCLUDE	Part-time positions
INCLUDE	Contracted positions
INCLUDE	Temporary positions
EXCLUDE	Volunteer positions
EXCLUDE	Intern positions

5.3.1 Security Staff

Breakdown description: The number of full-time equivalent positions that work directly with people who are incarcerated and are responsible for their custody, supervision, and monitoring.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Correctional officers (all ranks)
INCLUDE	Correctional officer supervisors
EXCLUDE	Security staff budgeted but currently vacant

5.3.2 Management and Operations Staff

Breakdown description: The number of full-time equivalent positions that do not work directly with people who are incarcerated but support the day-to-day operations of the agency.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Jail management (i.e., executive-level staff such as the warden, chiefs, superintendent, etc.)
INCLUDE	Clerical or administrative staff
INCLUDE	Research staff
INCLUDE	Maintenance staff
EXCLUDE	Management and operations staff positions budgeted but currently vacant

5.3.3 Clinical and Medical Staff

Breakdown description: The number of full-time equivalent positions that work directly with people who are incarcerated and are responsible for their health.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Medical doctors
INCLUDE	Nurses
INCLUDE	Dentists
INCLUDE	Clinicians (e.g., substance use treatment specialists)
INCLUDE	Therapists (e.g., mental health counselors)
INCLUDE	Psychiatrists
EXCLUDE	Clinical or medical staff positions budgeted but currently vacant

5.3.4 Programmatic Staff

Breakdown description: The number of full-time equivalent positions that provide services and programming to people who are incarcerated but are not medical or clinical staff.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Vocational staff
INCLUDE	Educational staff
INCLUDE	Therapeutic and support program staff
INCLUDE	Religious or cultural program staff
EXCLUDE	Programmatic staff positions budgeted but currently vacant

5.3.5 Other Staff

Breakdown description: The number of full-time equivalent positions dedicated to the operation and maintenance of jail facilities under the jurisdiction of the agency that are not security staff, management and operations staff, clinical and medical staff, or programmatic staff.

If jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

5.3.6 Unknown Staff

Breakdown description: The number of full-time equivalent positions dedicated to the operation and maintenance of jail facilities under the jurisdiction of the agency that are of an unknown type.

If jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

5.3.7 Vacant Positions (Any Staff Type)

Breakdown description: The number of full-time equivalent positions dedicated to operation and maintenance of the jail facilities and the care of people who are incarcerated under the jurisdiction of the agency of any type that are budgeted but not currently filled.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Vacant security staff positions
INCLUDE	Vacant management and operations staff positions
INCLUDE	Vacant clinical and medical staff positions
INCLUDE	Vacant programmatic staff positions
INCLUDE	Vacant staff positions of unknown type
EXCLUDE	Filled positions

Note regarding staff vacancy

Vacancy by staff type is an issue that all subcommittees have raised as critical to consider for inclusion in the Tier 2 metrics and has been included on initial voting slates for consideration. Tier 2 metrics are scheduled to be released in May 2023.

5.4 Pre-adjudication Admissions

Preferred sharing frequency: Monthly
Preferred time period: First day of calendar month to last day of calendar month

Metric description: The number of admission events to the agency’s jurisdiction in which the person has not yet been adjudicated .

Pre-adjudication admissions are based on the number of events in which a person was incarcerated in a jail facility, not the number of individual people who entered the facility. If the same person was admitted to jail three times in a time period, it would count as three admissions.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	“Paper bookings” who are never admitted to facilities
INCLUDE	Admission events that are booked and released in less than 12 hours
INCLUDE	Admission events that are booked and released between 12 and 24 hours
INCLUDE	Admission events that are booked and admitted to jail pre-adjudication
EXCLUDE	Admission events returning from a temporary absence (e.g., hospital visit, court hearing, etc.)
EXCLUDE	Admission events that are moving between facilities under the same agency’s jurisdiction

5.4.1 Pre-adjudication Admissions for Person Charges

Breakdown description: The number of pre-adjudication admission events in which the most serious charge was for an offense against a person.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Aggravated assault
INCLUDE	Simple assault
INCLUDE	Intimidation
INCLUDE	Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter
INCLUDE	Negligent manslaughter
INCLUDE	Human trafficking, commercial sex acts
INCLUDE	Human trafficking, involuntary servitude
INCLUDE	Kidnapping/abduction
INCLUDE	Rape
INCLUDE	Sodomy
INCLUDE	Sexual assault with an object
INCLUDE	Fondling
INCLUDE	Incest
INCLUDE	Statutory rape
INCLUDE	Robbery
EXCLUDE	Justifiable homicide

5.4.2 Pre-adjudication Admissions for Property Charges

Breakdown description: The number of pre-adjudication admission events in which the most serious charge was for a property offense .

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Arson
INCLUDE	Bribery
INCLUDE	Burglary/breaking and entering
INCLUDE	Counterfeiting/forgery
INCLUDE	Destruction/damage/vandalism of property
INCLUDE	Embezzlement
INCLUDE	Extortion/blackmail
INCLUDE	False pretenses/swindle/confidence game
INCLUDE	Credit card/automated teller machine fraud
INCLUDE	Impersonation
INCLUDE	Welfare fraud
INCLUDE	Wire fraud
INCLUDE	Identity theft
INCLUDE	Hacking/computer invasion
INCLUDE	Pocket-picking
INCLUDE	Purse-snatching
INCLUDE	Shoplifting
INCLUDE	Theft from building
INCLUDE	Theft from coin-operated machine or device
INCLUDE	Theft from motor vehicle
INCLUDE	Theft of motor vehicle parts or accessories
INCLUDE	All other larceny
INCLUDE	Motor vehicle theft
INCLUDE	Stolen property offenses
EXCLUDE	Robbery

5.4.3 Pre-adjudication Admissions for Public Order Charges

Breakdown description: The number of pre-adjudication admission events in which the most serious charge was for a public order offense.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Animal cruelty
INCLUDE	Import violations
INCLUDE	Export violations
INCLUDE	Federal liquor offenses
INCLUDE	Federal tobacco offenses
INCLUDE	Wildlife trafficking
INCLUDE	Espionage
INCLUDE	Money laundering
INCLUDE	Harboring escapee/concealing from arrest
INCLUDE	Flight to avoid prosecution
INCLUDE	Flight to avoid deportation
INCLUDE	Betting/wagering
INCLUDE	Operating/promoting/assisting gambling
INCLUDE	Gambling equipment violations
INCLUDE	Sports tampering
INCLUDE	Illegal entry into the United States
INCLUDE	False citizenship
INCLUDE	Smuggling aliens
INCLUDE	Re-entry after deportation
INCLUDE	Pornography/obscene material
INCLUDE	Prostitution
INCLUDE	Assisting or promoting prostitution
INCLUDE	Purchasing prostitution
INCLUDE	Treason
INCLUDE	Weapon law violations
INCLUDE	Violation of National Firearm Act of 1934
INCLUDE	Weapons of mass destruction
INCLUDE	Explosives
INCLUDE	Failure to appear
INCLUDE	Curfew/loitering/vagrancy violations
INCLUDE	Disorderly conduct
INCLUDE	Driving under the influence
INCLUDE	Family offenses, nonviolent
INCLUDE	Federal resource violations
INCLUDE	Liquor law violations
INCLUDE	Perjury
INCLUDE	Trespass of real property
EXCLUDE	Drug/narcotic violations
EXCLUDE	Drug equipment violations
EXCLUDE	Drug sales
EXCLUDE	Drug distribution
EXCLUDE	Drug manufacturing
EXCLUDE	Drug smuggling
EXCLUDE	Drug production
EXCLUDE	Drug possession

5.4.4 Pre-adjudication Admissions for Drug Charges

Breakdown description: The number of pre-adjudication admission events in which the most serious charge was for a drug offense.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Drug/narcotic violations
INCLUDE	Drug equipment violations
INCLUDE	Drug sales
INCLUDE	Drug distribution
INCLUDE	Drug manufacturing
INCLUDE	Drug smuggling
INCLUDE	Drug production
INCLUDE	Drug possession

5.4.5 Pre-adjudication Admissions for Other Charges

Breakdown description: The number of pre-adjudication admission events in which the most serious charge was for another type of offense that was not a person, property, public order, or drug offense.

If jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

5.4.6 Pre-adjudication Admissions for Unknown Charges

Breakdown description: The number of pre-adjudication admission events in which the most serious offense charge type is not known.

If jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

5.5 Post-adjudication Admissions

Preferred sharing frequency: Monthly
Preferred time period: First day of calendar month to last day of calendar month

Metric description: The number of admission events to the agency’s jurisdiction in which the person has been adjudicated.

Post-adjudication admissions are based on the number of events in which a person was incarcerated in a jail facility, not the number of individual people who entered the facility. If the same person was admitted to jail three times in a time period, it would count as three admissions.

5.5.1 Post-adjudication Admissions for Person Offenses

Breakdown description: The number of post-adjudication admission events in which the most serious offense was for an offense against a person.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Aggravated assault
INCLUDE	Simple assault
INCLUDE	Intimidation
INCLUDE	Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter
INCLUDE	Negligent manslaughter
INCLUDE	Human trafficking, commercial sex acts
INCLUDE	Human trafficking, involuntary servitude
INCLUDE	Kidnapping/abduction
INCLUDE	Rape
INCLUDE	Sodomy
INCLUDE	Sexual assault with an object
INCLUDE	Fondling
INCLUDE	Incest
INCLUDE	Statutory rape
INCLUDE	Robbery
EXCLUDE	Justifiable homicide

5.5.2 Post-adjudication Admissions for Property Offenses

Breakdown description: The number of post-adjudication admission events in which the most serious offense was for a property offense .

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Arson
INCLUDE	Bribery
INCLUDE	Burglary/breaking and entering
INCLUDE	Counterfeiting/forgery
INCLUDE	Destruction/damage/vandalism of property
INCLUDE	Embezzlement
INCLUDE	Extortion/blackmail
INCLUDE	False pretenses/swindle/confidence game
INCLUDE	Credit card/automated teller machine fraud
INCLUDE	Impersonation
INCLUDE	Welfare fraud
INCLUDE	Wire fraud
INCLUDE	Identity theft
INCLUDE	Hacking/computer invasion
INCLUDE	Pocket-picking
INCLUDE	Purse-snatching
INCLUDE	Shoplifting
INCLUDE	Theft from building
INCLUDE	Theft from coin-operated machine or device
INCLUDE	Theft from motor vehicle
INCLUDE	Theft of motor vehicle parts or accessories
INCLUDE	All other larceny
INCLUDE	Motor vehicle theft
INCLUDE	Stolen property offenses
EXCLUDE	Robbery

5.5.3 Post-adjudication Admissions for Public Order Offenses

Breakdown description: The number of post-adjudication admission events in which the most serious offense was for a public order offense.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Animal cruelty
INCLUDE	Import violations
INCLUDE	Export violations
INCLUDE	Federal liquor offenses
INCLUDE	Federal tobacco offenses
INCLUDE	Wildlife trafficking
INCLUDE	Espionage
INCLUDE	Money laundering
INCLUDE	Harboring escapee/concealing from arrest
INCLUDE	Flight to avoid prosecution
INCLUDE	Flight to avoid deportation
INCLUDE	Betting/wagering
INCLUDE	Operating/promoting/assisting gambling
INCLUDE	Gambling equipment violations
INCLUDE	Sports tampering
INCLUDE	Illegal entry into the United States
INCLUDE	False citizenship
INCLUDE	Smuggling aliens
INCLUDE	Re-entry after deportation
INCLUDE	Pornography/obscene material
INCLUDE	Prostitution
INCLUDE	Assisting or promoting prostitution
INCLUDE	Purchasing prostitution
INCLUDE	Treason
INCLUDE	Weapon law violations
INCLUDE	Violation of National Firearm Act of 1934
INCLUDE	Weapons of mass destruction
INCLUDE	Explosives
INCLUDE	Failure to appear
INCLUDE	Curfew/loitering/vagrancy violations
INCLUDE	Disorderly conduct
INCLUDE	Driving under the influence
INCLUDE	Family offenses, nonviolent
INCLUDE	Federal resource violations
INCLUDE	Liquor law violations
INCLUDE	Perjury
INCLUDE	Trespass of real property
EXCLUDE	Drug/narcotic violations
EXCLUDE	Drug equipment violations
EXCLUDE	Drug sales
EXCLUDE	Drug distribution
EXCLUDE	Drug manufacturing
EXCLUDE	Drug smuggling
EXCLUDE	Drug production
EXCLUDE	Drug possession

5.5.4 Post-adjudication Admissions for Drug Offenses

Breakdown description: The number of post-adjudication admission events in which the most serious offense was for a drug offense.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Drug/narcotic violations
INCLUDE	Drug equipment violations
INCLUDE	Drug sales
INCLUDE	Drug distribution
INCLUDE	Drug manufacturing
INCLUDE	Drug smuggling
INCLUDE	Drug production
INCLUDE	Drug possession

5.5.5 Post-adjudication Admissions for Other Offenses

Breakdown description: The number of post-adjudication admission events in which the most serious offense was for another type of offense that was not a person, property, public order, or drug offense.

If jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

5.5.6 Post-adjudication Admissions for Unknown Offenses

Breakdown description: The number of post-adjudication admission events in which the most serious offense charge type is not known.

If jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

5.6 Pre-adjudication Daily Population

Preferred sharing frequency: Monthly
Preferred time period: Last day of calendar month

Metric description: A single day count of the number of people incarcerated in the agency’s jurisdiction who have not yet been adjudicated.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	People in jail awaiting arraignment
INCLUDE	People in jail due to unpaid bail
INCLUDE	People in jail due to denial of bail
INCLUDE	People in jail due to revocation of bail
INCLUDE	People in jail pending assessment of capacity to stand trial
INCLUDE	People who have been transferred to a hospital for a capacity assessment but are still counted in jail population
INCLUDE	People in jail to be held pending outcome of pretrial revocation decision
INCLUDE	People in jail due to revocation of pretrial release
INCLUDE	People in jail due to a pretrial supervision incarceration sanction
INCLUDE	People in jail due to a pre-adjudication federal hold for U.S. Marshals Service, Federal Bureau of Prisons, or U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
INCLUDE	People in jail due to a pre-adjudication federal hold for a Tribal Nation or the Bureau of Indian Affairs
INCLUDE	People held awaiting hearings for failure to appear in court or court-ordered programs
INCLUDE	People held due to failure to pay fines or fees ordered by civil or criminal courts
INCLUDE	People held for other state or county jurisdictions
EXCLUDE	People in jail to serve a sentence of jail incarceration
EXCLUDE	People in jail to serve a split sentence of jail incarceration
EXCLUDE	People in jail to serve a suspended sentence of jail incarceration
EXCLUDE	People in jail due to a revocation of post-adjudication community supervision sentence (i.e., probation, parole, or other community supervision sentence type)
EXCLUDE	People in jail due to a post-adjudication incarceration sanction imposed by a community supervision agency (e.g., a “dip,” “dunk,” or weekend sentence)
EXCLUDE	People in jail due to a post-adjudication incarceration sanction imposed by a specialty, treatment, or problem-solving court (e.g., a “dip,” “dunk,” or weekend sentence)

5.6.1 Pre-adjudication Population – Person Charges

Breakdown description: A single day count of the number of people incarcerated pre-adjudication whose most serious charge was an offense against a person.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Aggravated assault
INCLUDE	Simple assault
INCLUDE	Intimidation
INCLUDE	Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter
INCLUDE	Negligent manslaughter
INCLUDE	Human trafficking, commercial sex acts
INCLUDE	Human trafficking, involuntary servitude
INCLUDE	Kidnapping/abduction
INCLUDE	Rape
INCLUDE	Sodomy
INCLUDE	Sexual assault with an object
INCLUDE	Fondling
INCLUDE	Incest
INCLUDE	Statutory rape
INCLUDE	Robbery
EXCLUDE	Justifiable homicide

5.6.2 Pre-adjudication Population – Property Charges

Breakdown description: A single day count of the number of people incarcerated pre-adjudication whose most serious charge was a property offense.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Arson
INCLUDE	Bribery
INCLUDE	Burglary/breaking and entering
INCLUDE	Counterfeiting/forgery
INCLUDE	Destruction/damage/vandalism of property
INCLUDE	Embezzlement
INCLUDE	Extortion/blackmail
INCLUDE	False pretenses/swindle/confidence game
INCLUDE	Credit card/automated teller machine fraud
INCLUDE	Impersonation
INCLUDE	Welfare fraud
INCLUDE	Wire fraud
INCLUDE	Identity theft
INCLUDE	Hacking/computer invasion
INCLUDE	Pocket-picking
INCLUDE	Purse-snatching
INCLUDE	Shoplifting
INCLUDE	Theft from building
INCLUDE	Theft from coin-operated machine or device
INCLUDE	Theft from motor vehicle
INCLUDE	Theft of motor vehicle parts or accessories
INCLUDE	All other larceny
INCLUDE	Motor vehicle theft
INCLUDE	Stolen property offenses
EXCLUDE	Robbery

5.6.3 Pre-adjudication Population – Public Order Charges

Breakdown description: A single day count of the number of people incarcerated pre-adjudication whose most serious charge was a public order offense.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Animal cruelty
INCLUDE	Import violations
INCLUDE	Export violations
INCLUDE	Federal liquor offenses
INCLUDE	Federal tobacco offenses
INCLUDE	Wildlife trafficking
INCLUDE	Espionage
INCLUDE	Money laundering
INCLUDE	Harboring escapee/concealing from arrest
INCLUDE	Flight to avoid prosecution
INCLUDE	Flight to avoid deportation
INCLUDE	Betting/wagering
INCLUDE	Operating/promoting/assisting gambling
INCLUDE	Gambling equipment violations
INCLUDE	Sports tampering
INCLUDE	Illegal entry into the United States
INCLUDE	False citizenship
INCLUDE	Smuggling aliens
INCLUDE	Re-entry after deportation
INCLUDE	Pornography/obscene material
INCLUDE	Prostitution
INCLUDE	Assisting or promoting prostitution
INCLUDE	Purchasing prostitution
INCLUDE	Treason
INCLUDE	Weapon law violations
INCLUDE	Violation of National Firearm Act of 1934
INCLUDE	Weapons of mass destruction
INCLUDE	Explosives
INCLUDE	Failure to appear
INCLUDE	Curfew/loitering/vagrancy violations
INCLUDE	Disorderly conduct
INCLUDE	Driving under the influence
INCLUDE	Family offenses, nonviolent
INCLUDE	Federal resource violations
INCLUDE	Liquor law violations
INCLUDE	Perjury
INCLUDE	Trespass of real property
EXCLUDE	Drug/narcotic violations
EXCLUDE	Drug equipment violations
EXCLUDE	Drug sales
EXCLUDE	Drug distribution
EXCLUDE	Drug manufacturing
EXCLUDE	Drug smuggling
EXCLUDE	Drug production
EXCLUDE	Drug possession

5.6.4 Pre-adjudication Population – Drug Charges

Breakdown description: A single day count of the number of people incarcerated pre-adjudication whose most serious charge was a drug offense.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Drug/narcotic violations
INCLUDE	Drug equipment violations
INCLUDE	Drug sales
INCLUDE	Drug distribution
INCLUDE	Drug manufacturing
INCLUDE	Drug smuggling
INCLUDE	Drug production
INCLUDE	Drug possession

5.6.5 Pre-adjudication Population – Other Charges

Breakdown description: A single day count of the number of people incarcerated pre-adjudication whose most serious charge was not a person, property, drug, or public order offense.

If jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

5.6.6 Pre-adjudication Population - Unknown Charges

Breakdown description: A single day count of the number of people incarcerated pre-adjudication whose most serious charge type is not known.

If jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

5.7 Post-adjudication Daily Population

Preferred sharing frequency: Monthly
Preferred time period: Last day of calendar month

Metric description: A single day count of the number of people incarcerated in the agency’s jurisdiction who have been adjudicated and convicted.

INCLUDE	People in jail to serve a sentence of jail incarceration
INCLUDE	People in jail to serve a state prison sentence
INCLUDE	People in jail to serve a split sentence of jail incarceration
INCLUDE	People in jail to serve a suspended sentence of jail incarceration
INCLUDE	People in jail due to a revocation of post-adjudication community supervision sentence (i.e., probation, parole, or other community supervision sentence type)
INCLUDE	People in jail due to a post-adjudication incarceration sanction imposed by a community supervision agency (e.g., a “dip,” “dunk,” or weekend sentence)
INCLUDE	People in jail due to a post-adjudication incarceration sanction imposed by a specialty, treatment, or problem-solving court (e.g., a “dip,” “dunk,” or weekend sentence)
EXCLUDE	People in jail awaiting arraignment
EXCLUDE	People in jail due to unpaid bail
EXCLUDE	People in jail due to denial of bail
EXCLUDE	People in jail due to revocation of bail
EXCLUDE	People in jail pending assessment of capacity to stand trial
EXCLUDE	People who have been transferred to a hospital for a capacity assessment but are still counted in jail population
EXCLUDE	People in jail to be held pending outcome of pretrial revocation decision
EXCLUDE	People in jail due to revocation of pretrial release
EXCLUDE	People in jail due to a pretrial supervision incarceration sanction
EXCLUDE	People in jail due to a pre-adjudication federal hold for U.S. Marshals Service, Federal Bureau of Prisons, or U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
EXCLUDE	People in jail due to a pre-adjudication federal hold for a Tribal Nation or the Bureau of Indian Affairs
EXCLUDE	People held awaiting hearings for failure to appear in court or court-ordered programs
EXCLUDE	People held due to failure to pay fines or fees ordered by civil or criminal courts
EXCLUDE	People held for other state or county jurisdictions

5.7.1 Post-adjudication Population – Person Offenses

Breakdown description: A single day count of the number of people incarcerated post-adjudication whose most serious offense was a crime against a person.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Aggravated assault
INCLUDE	Simple assault
INCLUDE	Intimidation
INCLUDE	Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter
INCLUDE	Negligent manslaughter
INCLUDE	Human trafficking, commercial sex acts
INCLUDE	Human trafficking, involuntary servitude
INCLUDE	Kidnapping/abduction
INCLUDE	Rape
INCLUDE	Sodomy
INCLUDE	Sexual assault with an object
INCLUDE	Fondling
INCLUDE	Incest
INCLUDE	Statutory rape
INCLUDE	Robbery
EXCLUDE	Justifiable homicide

5.7.2 Post-adjudication Population – Property Offenses

Breakdown description: A single day count of the number of people incarcerated post-adjudication whose most serious offense was a property offense.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Arson
INCLUDE	Bribery
INCLUDE	Burglary/breaking and entering
INCLUDE	Counterfeiting/forgery
INCLUDE	Destruction/damage/vandalism of property
INCLUDE	Embezzlement
INCLUDE	Extortion/blackmail
INCLUDE	False pretenses/swindle/confidence game
INCLUDE	Credit card/automated teller machine fraud
INCLUDE	Impersonation
INCLUDE	Welfare fraud
INCLUDE	Wire fraud
INCLUDE	Identity theft
INCLUDE	Hacking/computer invasion
INCLUDE	Pocket-picking
INCLUDE	Purse-snatching
INCLUDE	Shoplifting
INCLUDE	Theft from building
INCLUDE	Theft from coin-operated machine or device
INCLUDE	Theft from motor vehicle
INCLUDE	Theft of motor vehicle parts or accessories
INCLUDE	All other larceny
INCLUDE	Motor vehicle theft
INCLUDE	Stolen property offenses
EXCLUDE	Robbery

5.7.3 Post-adjudication Population – Public Order Offenses

Breakdown description: A single day count of the number of people incarcerated post-adjudication whose most serious offense was a public order offense.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Animal cruelty
INCLUDE	Import violations
INCLUDE	Export violations
INCLUDE	Federal liquor offenses
INCLUDE	Federal tobacco offenses
INCLUDE	Wildlife trafficking
INCLUDE	Espionage
INCLUDE	Money laundering
INCLUDE	Harboring escapee/concealing from arrest
INCLUDE	Flight to avoid prosecution
INCLUDE	Flight to avoid deportation
INCLUDE	Betting/wagering
INCLUDE	Operating/promoting/assisting gambling
INCLUDE	Gambling equipment violations
INCLUDE	Sports tampering
INCLUDE	Illegal entry into the United States
INCLUDE	False citizenship
INCLUDE	Smuggling aliens
INCLUDE	Re-entry after deportation
INCLUDE	Pornography/obscene material
INCLUDE	Prostitution
INCLUDE	Assisting or promoting prostitution
INCLUDE	Purchasing prostitution
INCLUDE	Treason
INCLUDE	Weapon law violations
INCLUDE	Violation of National Firearm Act of 1934
INCLUDE	Weapons of mass destruction
INCLUDE	Explosives
INCLUDE	Failure to appear
INCLUDE	Curfew/loitering/vagrancy violations
INCLUDE	Disorderly conduct
INCLUDE	Driving under the influence
INCLUDE	Family offenses, nonviolent
INCLUDE	Federal resource violations
INCLUDE	Liquor law violations
INCLUDE	Perjury
INCLUDE	Trespass of real property
EXCLUDE	Drug/narcotic violations
EXCLUDE	Drug equipment violations
EXCLUDE	Drug sales
EXCLUDE	Drug distribution
EXCLUDE	Drug manufacturing
EXCLUDE	Drug smuggling
EXCLUDE	Drug production
EXCLUDE	Drug possession

5.7.4 Post-adjudication Population – Drug Offenses

Breakdown description: A single day count of the number of people incarcerated post-adjudication whose most serious offense was a drug offense.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Drug/narcotic violations
INCLUDE	Drug equipment violations
INCLUDE	Drug sales
INCLUDE	Drug distribution
INCLUDE	Drug manufacturing
INCLUDE	Drug smuggling
INCLUDE	Drug production
INCLUDE	Drug possession

5.7.5 Post-adjudication Population – Other Offenses

Breakdown description: A single day count of the number of people incarcerated post-adjudication whose most serious offense was for another type of offense that was not a person, property, drug, or public order offense.

If jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

5.7.6 Post-adjudication Population – Unknown Offenses

Breakdown description: A single day count of the number of people incarcerated post-adjudication whose most serious offense was not known.

If jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

5.8 Pre-adjudication Daily Population by Race and Ethnicity

Preferred sharing frequency: Monthly
Preferred time period: Last day of calendar month

Metric description: A single day count of the number of people incarcerated in the agency’s jurisdiction who have not been adjudicated, disaggregated by race and ethnicity.

The definition of pre-adjudication daily population configured in the Pre-adjudication Daily Population metric will be applied to this metric.

See Race and Ethnicity for detailed guidance on how to share data disaggregated by race and ethnicity with Justice Counts.

5.9 Post-adjudication Daily Population by Race and Ethnicity

Preferred sharing frequency: Monthly
Preferred time period: Last day of calendar month

Metric description: A single day count of the number of people incarcerated in the agency’s jurisdiction who have been adjudicated and convicted disaggregated by race and ethnicity.

The definition of post-adjudication daily population configured in the Post-adjudication Daily Population metric will be applied to this metric.

See Race and Ethnicity for detailed guidance on how to share data disaggregated by race and ethnicity with Justice Counts.

5.10 Pre-adjudication Daily Population by Biological Sex

Preferred sharing frequency: Monthly
Preferred time period: Last day of calendar month

Metric description: A single day count of the number of people incarcerated in the agency’s jurisdiction who have not been adjudicated disaggregated by biological sex.

The definition of pre-adjudication daily population configured in the Pre-adjudication Daily Population metric will be applied to this metric.

5.10.1 Male Biological Sex

Breakdown description: A single day count of the number of people incarcerated in the agency’s jurisdiction who have not been adjudicated whose biological sex is male.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Male biological sex
EXCLUDE	Unknown biological sex

5.10.2 Female Biological Sex

Breakdown description: A single day count of the number of people incarcerated in the agency’s jurisdiction who have not been adjudicated whose biological sex is female.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Female biological sex
EXCLUDE	Unknown biological sex

5.10.3 Unknown Biological Sex

Breakdown description: A single day count of the number of people incarcerated in the agency’s jurisdiction who have not been adjudicated whose biological sex is not known.

If jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

Note about gender identity metrics

Justice Counts is working to determine the best way to account for gender identity through this initiative. More information is forthcoming in early 2023.

5.11 Post-adjudication Daily Population by Biological Sex

Preferred sharing frequency: Monthly
Preferred time period: Last day of calendar month

Metric description: A single day count of the number of people incarcerated in the agency’s jurisdiction who have been adjudicated disaggregated by biological sex .

The definition of post-adjudication daily population configured in the Post-adjudication Daily Population metric will be applied to this metric.

5.11.1 Male Biological Sex

Breakdown description: A single day count of the number of people incarcerated in the agency’s jurisdiction who have been adjudicated whose biological sex is male.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Male biological sex
EXCLUDE	Unknown biological sex

5.11.2 Female Biological Sex

Breakdown description: A single day count of the number of people incarcerated in the agency’s jurisdiction who have been adjudicated whose biological sex is female.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Female biological sex
EXCLUDE	Unknown biological sex

5.11.3 Unknown Biological Sex

Breakdown description: A single day count of the number of people incarcerated in the agency’s jurisdiction who have been adjudicated whose biological sex is not known.

If jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

Note about gender identity metrics

Justice Counts is working to determine the best way to account for gender identity through this initiative. More information is forthcoming in early 2023.

5.12 Pre-adjudication Releases

Preferred sharing frequency: Monthly
Preferred time period: First day of calendar month to last day of calendar month

Metric description: The number of release events from the agency’s jurisdiction after a period of pre-adjudication incarceration.

Releases are based on the number of events in which a person was released from the jurisdiction of the agency, not the number of individual people released. If the same person was released from jail three times in a time period, it would count as three releases. Any admission as defined in Pre-adjudication Admissions should be counted here as a release when they are released from the jurisdiction of the agency.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Releases to own recognizance awaiting trial
INCLUDE	Releases on monetary bail
INCLUDE	Release events on nonmonetary bail (i.e., travel restrictions, no contact orders)
INCLUDE	Releases to supervision (including electronic monitoring, home confinement, traditional supervision, etc.)
INCLUDE	Releases with subsequent bail modifications
INCLUDE	Releases due to death in custody
INCLUDE	Releases due to escape or Absent Without Leave (AWOL) status for more than 30 days
INCLUDE	Emergency releases (such as due to COVID-19, etc.)

5.12.1 Pre-adjudication Releases to Own Recognizance Awaiting Trial

Breakdown description: The number of pre-adjudication release events of people to their own recognizance while awaiting trial, without any other form of supervision.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Releases on signature bond (a.k.a. recognizance bond or oath bond)
INCLUDE	Releases on own recognizance
INCLUDE	Releases on non-monetary conditions (e.g., surrender passport, no contact order, etc.)

5.12.2 Pre-adjudication Releases to Monetary Bail

Breakdown description: The number of pre-adjudication release events of people to bond while awaiting trial, without out any other form of supervision.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Releases on unsecured bond
INCLUDE	Releases on deposit bond
INCLUDE	Releases on monetary bail
INCLUDE	Releases before initial bail hearing

5.12.3 Pre-adjudication Releases Due to Death

Breakdown description: The number of pre-adjudication release events due to death of people in custody.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Death while under the agency’s jurisdiction
INCLUDE	Death while temporarily absent (e.g., hospital, court, work release)

5.12.4 Pre-adjudication Releases Due to Escape or AWOL Status

Breakdown description: The number of pre-adjudication release events due to escape from custody or assessment as AWOL for more than 30 days.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Escape from pretrial hold
INCLUDE	AWOL from pretrial hold
INCLUDE	AWOL from pretrial supervision

5.12.5 Other Pre-adjudication Releases

Breakdown description: The number of pre-adjudication release events from the agency’s jurisdiction that are not releases to pretrial supervision, to own recognizance awaiting trial, to monetary bail, death, or escape/AWOL status.

If jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

5.12.6 Unknown Pre-adjudication Releases

Breakdown description: The number of pre-adjudication release events from the agency’s jurisdiction whose release type is not known.

If jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

5.13 Post-adjudication Releases

Preferred sharing frequency: Monthly
Preferred time period: First day of calendar month to last day of calendar month

Metric description: The number of release events from the agency’s jurisdiction following a sentence of a period of incarceration in jail due to a conviction for a criminal offense.

Releases are based on the number of events in which a person was released from the jurisdiction of the agency, not the number of individual people released. If the same person was released from jail three times in a time period, it would count as three releases. If a person is released to more than one form of supervision, please only count them once in the “Other Post-adjudication Releases” and do not include them in other categories of supervision.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Releases to probation supervision following a period of jail incarceration (including electronic monitoring)
INCLUDE	Releases to parole supervision following a period of jail incarceration
INCLUDE	Releases to other community supervision that is not probation or parole
INCLUDE	Releases to inpatient treatment in the community
INCLUDE	Releases with no additional correctional control

5.13.1 Post-adjudication Releases to Probation Supervision

Breakdown description: The number of post-adjudication release events from the agency’s jurisdiction to probation supervision.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Releases to an additional probation sentence after completing a jail sentence
INCLUDE	Releases back to probation after a jail incarceration probation sanction
INCLUDE	Releases to probation to serve a split- or on-and-after sentence
INCLUDE	Releases to probation after a shock probation sentence
INCLUDE	Releases to probation in the jurisdiction of another county or state

5.13.2 Post-adjudication Releases to Parole Supervision

Breakdown description: The number of post-adjudication release events from the agency’s jurisdiction to parole supervision.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Releases to parole at the authority of a parole board or similar decision-making entity
INCLUDE	Releases to parole by statutory requirement or other automatic release mechanism
INCLUDE	Releases back to parole after a jail sanction for a parole violation
INCLUDE	Releases to parole due to commuted or lowered sentence
INCLUDE	Releases to parole or re-parole in the jurisdiction of another state

5.13.3 Post-adjudication Releases to Other Community Supervision That Is Not Probation or Parole

Breakdown description: The number of post-adjudication release events from the agency’s jurisdiction to another form of community supervision that is not probation or parole.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Releases to an additional other community supervision sentence after completing a jail sentence
INCLUDE	Releases back to other community supervision after a jail incarceration probation sanction
INCLUDE	Releases to other community supervision to serve a split- or on-and-after sentence
INCLUDE	Releases to other community supervision at the authority of a parole board or similar decision-making entity
INCLUDE	Releases to other community supervision by statutory requirement or other automatic release mechanism
INCLUDE	Releases back to other community supervision after a jail sanction for a supervision violation
INCLUDE	Releases to other community supervision due to commuted or lowered sentence
INCLUDE	Releases to other community supervision or re-released to other community supervision in the jurisdiction of another state

5.13.4 Post-adjudication Releases with No Additional Correctional Control

Breakdown description: The number of post-adjudication release events from the agency’s jurisdiction with no additional correctional control.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Releases due to sentence completion, no post-release supervision
INCLUDE	Releases due to exoneration

5.13.5 Post-adjudication Releases Due to Death

Breakdown description: The number of post-adjudication release events from the agency’s jurisdiction due to death of people in custody.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Releases due to death of people in custody
INCLUDE	Releases due to death of people in custody who were temporarily absent (e.g., hospital, court, work release)

5.13.6 Post-adjudication Releases Due to Escape or AWOL Status

Breakdown description: The number of pre-adjudication release events due to escape from custody or assessment as AWOL for more than 30 days.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Escape from custody
INCLUDE	AWOL from custody

5.13.7 Other Post-adjudication Releases

Breakdown description: The number of post-adjudication release events from the agency’s jurisdiction that are not releases to probation supervision, to parole supervision, to other community supervision, to no additional correctional control, due to death, or due to escape or AWOL status.

If jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

5.13.8 Unknown Post-adjudication Releases

Breakdown description: The number of post-adjudication release events from the agency’s jurisdiction where the release type is not known.

If jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

5.14 Readmissions

Preferred sharing frequency: Annually
Preferred time period: First day of calendar year to last day of calendar year

Metric description: The number of admission events to the agency’s jurisdiction of people who were incarcerated in the agency’s jurisdiction within the previous year (365 days).

The definition of admissions configured in the Pre-adjudication Admissions metric and the Post-adjudication Admissions metric will be applied to this metric.

For instance, if a person admitted on June 23, 2022, had been incarcerated at any time between June 23, 2021, and June 23, 2022, it would be counted as a readmission. This metric is based on admission events, so if a person is admitted four times in the time period, that would count as one admission and three readmissions. To state it another way, agencies should count the number of times each person has been admitted in the last 365 days and remove anyone with one admission from the count.

5.15 Use of Force Incidents

Preferred sharing frequency: Annually
Preferred time period: First day of calendar year to last day of calendar year

Metric description: The number of incidents in which agency staff use physical force to gain compliance from or control of a person who is under the agency’s jurisdiction.

Incidents represent unique events where force was used, not the number of people or staff involved in those events.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Incidents involving physical force
INCLUDE	Incidents involving the use of restraining devices (e.g., handcuffs, leg irons)
INCLUDE	Incidents involving the use of weapons
INCLUDE	Incidents involving the use of other types of force
INCLUDE	Incidents found to be justified
INCLUDE	Incidents not found to be justified
INCLUDE	Incidents that are spontaneous (e.g., responses to emergent situations)
INCLUDE	Incidents that are planned (e.g., controlling a person for search or safety)
EXCLUDE	Use of restraints during routine operations and movement of people in the agency’s jurisdiction that follows jurisdiction policy and standard operating procedures

5.16 Grievances Upheld

Preferred sharing frequency: Annually
Preferred time period: First day of calendar year to last day of calendar year

Metric description: The number of complaints from people in jail in the agency’s jurisdiction that were received through the official grievance process and upheld or substantiated.

Count grievances in the time period in which they were resolved, not when they were received or occurred. For instance, if a complaint was received on November 8, 2021, and resolved on January 14, 2022, that grievance would be counted in 2022.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Grievances upheld or substantiated
INCLUDE	Grievances resulting in a remedy (e.g., apology, policy change)
EXCLUDE	Grievances unsubstantiated
EXCLUDE	Grievances pending resolution
EXCLUDE	Grievances submitted informally or not in accordance with the agency’s grievance policy
EXCLUDE	Duplicate grievances

5.16.1 Living Conditions

Breakdown description: The number of grievances upheld that relate to the living conditions of people who are incarcerated under the agency’s jurisdiction.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Grievances related to classification of a person under the agency’s jurisdiction
INCLUDE	Grievances related to the use of administrative segregation
INCLUDE	Grievances related to the use of disciplinary segregation
INCLUDE	Grievances related to overcrowding
INCLUDE	Grievances related to unsanitary conditions in the facility in general (i.e., not specific to living conditions)
INCLUDE	Grievances related to food
INCLUDE	Grievances related to facility maintenance issues
INCLUDE	Grievances related to testing bodily fluids
INCLUDE	Grievances related to body searches
INCLUDE	Grievances related to personal property

5.16.2 Personal Safety

Breakdown description: The number of grievances upheld that relate to the personal safety of people who are incarcerated.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Grievances related to physical harm or threats of physical harm by staff
INCLUDE	Grievances related to physical harm or threats of physical harm by another person under the agency’s jurisdiction
INCLUDE	Grievances related to emotional harm or threats of emotional harm by staff
INCLUDE	Grievances related to emotional harm or threats of emotional harm by another person under the agency’s jurisdiction
INCLUDE	Grievances related to harassment by staff
INCLUDE	Grievances related to harassment by another person under the agency’s jurisdiction
INCLUDE	Grievances related to the Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA)

5.16.3 Discrimination, Racial Bias, or Religious Practices

Breakdown description: The number of grievances upheld that relate to an act of discrimination toward, racial bias against, or interference of religious practices of people who are incarcerated.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Grievances related to discrimination or racial bias by staff
INCLUDE	Grievances related to discrimination or racial bias by another person incarcerated in the agency's jurisdiction
INCLUDE	Grievances related to the ability of the person under the agency’s jurisdiction to practice or observe their religious beliefs levied at staff
INCLUDE	Grievances related to the ability of the person under the agency’s jurisdiction to practice or observe their religious beliefs levied at other people incarcerated in the agency’s jurisdiction

5.16.4 Access to Health Care

Breakdown description: The number of grievances upheld that relate to the accessibility of health care to people who are incarcerated.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Grievances related to denial of care by medical or correctional personnel
INCLUDE	Grievances related to lack of timely health care
INCLUDE	Grievances against medical staff
INCLUDE	Grievances related to reproductive health care
INCLUDE	Grievance related to access to gender affirming care
INCLUDE	Grievances related to confidentiality or privacy issues
INCLUDE	Grievances related to medication
INCLUDE	Grievances related to medical equipment

5.16.5 Legal

Breakdown description: The number of grievances upheld that relate to the person under the agency’s jurisdiction having access to the legal process.

The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (if jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):

INCLUDE	Grievances related to access to legal facilities
INCLUDE	Grievances related to access to legal materials
INCLUDE	Grievances related to access to legal services
INCLUDE	Grievances related to access to legal property
INCLUDE	Grievances related to access to legal communication

5.16.6 Other Grievance

Breakdown description: The number of grievances upheld that relate to another issue or concern that is not related to living conditions, personal safety, discrimination or racial bias, access to health care, or legal concerns.

If jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

5.16.7 Unknown Grievance

Breakdown description: The number of grievances upheld that relate to an issue or concern that is not known.

If jail data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.

Data Characteristics

For agencies that share law enforcement and jail oversight functions

For agencies in unified corrections systems

Global Definitions

Pre-adjudication Jail Population

Post-adjudication Jail Population

Person Charges/Offenses

Property Charges/Offenses

Public Order Charges/Offenses

Drug Charges/Offenses

Other Charges/Offenses

Unknown Charges/Offenses

Probation Definition

Parole Definition

Pretrial Supervision Definition

Other Community Supervision Definition

Race and Ethnicity

Male Biological Sex

Female Biological Sex

Unknown Biological Sex

5.1 Funding

5.1.1 State Appropriation

5.1.2 County or Municipal Appropriation

5.1.3 Grants

5.1.4 Commissary and Fees

5.1.5 Contract Beds (Funding)

5.1.6 Other Funding

5.1.7 Unknown Funding

5.2 Expenses

5.2.1 Personnel

5.2.2 Training

5.2.3 Facilities and Equipment

5.2.4 Health Care for People Who Are Incarcerated

5.2.5 Contract Beds (Expenses)

5.2.6 Other Expenses

5.2.7 Unknown Expenses

5.3 Staff

5.3.1 Security Staff

5.3.2 Management and Operations Staff

5.3.3 Clinical and Medical Staff

5.3.4 Programmatic Staff

5.3.5 Other Staff

5.3.6 Unknown Staff

5.3.7 Vacant Positions (Any Staff Type)

5.4 Pre-adjudication Admissions

5.4.1 Pre-adjudication Admissions for Person Charges

5.4.2 Pre-adjudication Admissions for Property Charges

5.4.3 Pre-adjudication Admissions for Public Order Charges

5.4.4 Pre-adjudication Admissions for Drug Charges

5.4.5 Pre-adjudication Admissions for Other Charges

5.4.6 Pre-adjudication Admissions for Unknown Charges

5.5 Post-adjudication Admissions

5.5.1 Post-adjudication Admissions for Person Offenses

5.5.2 Post-adjudication Admissions for Property Offenses

5.5.3 Post-adjudication Admissions for Public Order Offenses

5.5.4 Post-adjudication Admissions for Drug Offenses

5.5.5 Post-adjudication Admissions for Other Offenses

5.5.6 Post-adjudication Admissions for Unknown Offenses

5.6 Pre-adjudication Daily Population

5.6.1 Pre-adjudication Population – Person Charges

5.6.2 Pre-adjudication Population – Property Charges

5.6.3 Pre-adjudication Population – Public Order Charges

5.6.4 Pre-adjudication Population – Drug Charges

5.6.5 Pre-adjudication Population – Other Charges

5.6.6 Pre-adjudication Population - Unknown Charges

5.7 Post-adjudication Daily Population

5.7.1 Post-adjudication Population – Person Offenses

5.7.2 Post-adjudication Population – Property Offenses

5.7.3 Post-adjudication Population – Public Order Offenses

5.7.4 Post-adjudication Population – Drug Offenses

5.7.5 Post-adjudication Population – Other Offenses

5.7.6 Post-adjudication Population – Unknown Offenses

5.8 Pre-adjudication Daily Population by Race and Ethnicity

5.9 Post-adjudication Daily Population by Race and Ethnicity

5.10 Pre-adjudication Daily Population by Biological Sex

5.10.1 Male Biological Sex

5.10.2 Female Biological Sex

5.10.3 Unknown Biological Sex

5.11 Post-adjudication Daily Population by Biological Sex

5.11.1 Male Biological Sex