7 Community Supervision
Data Characteristics
The digital infrastructure provides an opportunity to define and share data for a number of supervision types, including probation, parole, pretrial supervision, and other community supervision (that is not probation, parole, or pretrial).
For agencies that oversee more than one type of supervision
Whenever possible, agencies should share only data for each supervision type separately, for example, sharing data about probation revocations and parole revocations independently. We understand that it may not be possible to disaggregate metrics such as funding, expenses, and staff when they are shared across agency functions or supervision types. In instances where supervision data cannot be disaggregated by supervision type, you can share data in a combined category that includes all the supervision types you have defined for your agency.
A free text field will be provided for agencies to describe whether or not people can be on multiple types of supervision in their jurisdiction, if they are able to identify which people are on multiple types of supervision, and if so, which category they will be counted under. When possible, people should be under one supervision type. For people who are on multiple supervision types at the same time, for example, if a person is on both probation and parole simultaneously, they can be counted in “Other Community Supervision” and omitted from the Probation and Parole supervision types.
If your agency only has one supervision type under its jurisdiction, you will share data for that type only.
For agencies housed within a Department of Corrections
Whenever possible, agencies should share only data related to community supervision in “Community Supervision” metrics and share only data related to prisons functions separately in “Prison” metrics. We understand that it may not be possible to disaggregate metrics such as funding, expenses, and staff when they are shared across agency functions. In instances where prisons and community supervision data cannot be disaggregated, please share combined data in “Prisons” metrics and leave “Community Supervision” metrics blank. For metrics showing combined data, please add a contextual note when prompted to explain that the figures include data for multiple Justice Counts sectors.
Supervision Types
Probation Definition
Justice Counts description: People who are supervised in the community by a public or private probation agency. Probation is generally a sentence from a court that serves in lieu of incarceration. When probation follows incarceration, it differs from parole in that it does not provide early release from incarceration. Rather, it is a determinate sentence that follows a period of incarceration. Decisions to revoke probation are generally the responsibility of a court.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following:
| INCLUDE | People sentenced to a period of probation in lieu of incarceration (including to electronic monitoring, home confinement, traditional supervision, etc.) |
| INCLUDE | People sentenced to a period of probation after a period of incarceration (including to electronic monitoring, home confinement, traditional supervision, etc.) |
| INCLUDE | People on probation as part of a post-adjudication specialty or problem-solving court program (e.g., drug court) |
| INCLUDE | People sentenced to probation who are temporarily confined in jail, prison, or another confinement center for a short “dip” sanction (typically less than 30 days) |
| INCLUDE | People sentenced to probation confined for any length of time in a violation center or halfway back facility operated by the supervision agency |
| INCLUDE | People sentenced to probation who are in jail or prison on a hold pending resolution of a violation or revocation |
| INCLUDE | People sentenced to probation who are confined in jail or prison for a longer sanction (e.g., more than 30 days, 120 days, 6 months, etc.) |
| INCLUDE | People sentenced to probation in another jurisdiction who are supervised by the agency through interstate compact, intercounty compact, or other mutual supervision agreement |
| EXCLUDE | People sentenced to probation who are being supervised by another jurisdiction |
| EXCLUDE | People who have not been sentenced but are supervised on probation in the community prior to the resolution of their case |
| EXCLUDE | People sentenced to probation who are also on another form of supervision |
| EXCLUDE | People on probation as part of a pre-adjudication specialty or problem-solving court program (e.g., drug court) |
Parole Definition
Justice Counts description: People who are conditionally released from prison to serve the remainder of their sentence in the community. Parole releases may be determined by a parole board or by mandatory release according to statute. Decisions to revoke parole are generally the responsibility of a parole board.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following:
| INCLUDE | People approved by a parole board or similar entity for early conditional release from incarceration to parole supervision (including to electronic monitoring, home confinement, traditional supervision, etc.) |
| INCLUDE | People conditionally released from incarceration to parole supervision by statutory requirement (including to electronic monitoring, home confinement, traditional supervision, etc.) |
| INCLUDE | People on parole who are temporarily confined in jail, prison, or another confinement center for a short “dip” sanction (typically less than 30 days) |
| INCLUDE | People on parole confined for any length of time in a violation center or halfway back facility operated by the supervision agency |
| INCLUDE | People on parole who are in jail or prison on a hold pending resolution of a violation or revocation |
| INCLUDE | People on parole who are confined in jail or prison for a longer sanction (e.g., more than 30 days, 120 days, 6 months, etc.) |
| INCLUDE | People released to parole in another jurisdiction who are supervised by the agency through interstate compact, intercounty compact, or other mutual supervision agreement |
| EXCLUDE | People on parole who are also on another form of supervision |
| EXCLUDE | People on parole who are being supervised by another jurisdiction |
Pretrial Supervision Definition
Justice Counts description: People who are supervised while awaiting trial as a condition of staying in the community until the disposition of their case. Decisions to revoke pretrial supervision are generally the responsibility of a court.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following:
| INCLUDE | People on citation release (i.e., were never booked) |
| INCLUDE | People released from jail or otherwise not held pretrial on the condition of supervision (including electronic monitoring, home confinement, traditional supervision, etc.) |
| INCLUDE | People released from jail or otherwise not held pretrial due to statutory requirement |
| INCLUDE | People supervised as part of a pre-adjudication specialty or problem-solving court program (e.g., drug court) |
| INCLUDE | People on pretrial supervision who are incarcerated on a hold pending resolution of a violation or revocation |
| EXCLUDE | People on pretrial supervision who are also on another form of supervision |
Other Community Supervision Definition
Justice Counts description: People who are under a type of community supervision, by a public or private agency, that is not probation, parole, or pretrial.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following:
| INCLUDE | People sentenced to a period of other community supervision in lieu of incarceration (including to electronic monitoring, home confinement, traditional supervision, etc.) |
| INCLUDE | People sentenced to a determinate period of other community supervision after a period of incarceration (including to electronic monitoring, home confinement, traditional supervision, etc.) |
| INCLUDE | People on other community supervision as part of a post-adjudication specialty or problem-solving court program (e.g., drug court) |
| INCLUDE | People approved by a parole board or similar entity for early conditional release from incarceration to other community supervision (including to electronic monitoring, home confinement, traditional supervision, etc.) |
| INCLUDE | People conditionally released from incarceration to other community supervision by statutory requirement (including to electronic monitoring, home confinement, traditional supervision, etc.) |
| INCLUDE | People on other community supervision who are temporarily confined in jail, prison, or another confinement center for a short “dip” sanction (typically less than 30 days) |
| INCLUDE | People on other community supervision confined for any length of time in a violation center or halfway back facility operated by the supervision agency |
| INCLUDE | People on other community supervision who are in jail or prison on a hold pending resolution of a violation or revocation |
| INCLUDE | People on other community supervision who are confined in jail or prison for a longer sanction (e.g., more than 30 days, 120 days, 6 months, etc.) |
| INCLUDE | People on other community supervision who are incarcerated on a hold pending resolution of a violation or revocation |
| INCLUDE | People on supervision in another jurisdiction who are supervised by the agency through interstate compact, intercounty compact, or other mutual supervision agreement |
| INCLUDE | People on other community supervision who are also on another form of supervision |
| EXCLUDE | People on other community supervision who have not been sentenced but are supervised in the community prior to the resolution of their case |
| EXCLUDE | People on other community supervision in a pre-adjudication specialty or problem-solving court program (e.g., drug court, etc.) |
Global Definitions
To make configuring metrics as easy as possible, some concepts can be defined once at the outset of onboarding and then applied throughout the rest of your metric configuration. These concepts include the definition of arrests for person charges/offenses, property charges/offenses, drug charges/offenses, public order charges/offenses, other charges/offenses, and unknown charges/offenses.
Person Charges/Offenses
Justice Counts description: People or events for which the most serious charge or offense associated was a crime against a person.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following:
| INCLUDE | Aggravated assault |
| INCLUDE | Simple assault |
| INCLUDE | Intimidation |
| INCLUDE | Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter |
| INCLUDE | Negligent manslaughter |
| INCLUDE | Human trafficking, commercial sex acts |
| INCLUDE | Human trafficking, involuntary servitude |
| INCLUDE | Kidnapping/abduction |
| INCLUDE | Rape |
| INCLUDE | Sodomy |
| INCLUDE | Sexual assault with an object |
| INCLUDE | Fondling |
| INCLUDE | Incest |
| INCLUDE | Statutory rape |
| INCLUDE | Robbery |
| EXCLUDE | Justifiable homicide |
Property Charges/Offenses
Justice Counts description: People or events for which the most serious charge or offense associated was a property crime.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following:
| INCLUDE | Arson |
| INCLUDE | Bribery |
| INCLUDE | Burglary/breaking and entering |
| INCLUDE | Counterfeiting/forgery |
| INCLUDE | Destruction/damage/vandalism of property |
| INCLUDE | Embezzlement |
| INCLUDE | Extortion/blackmail |
| INCLUDE | False pretenses/swindle/confidence game |
| INCLUDE | Credit card/automated teller machine fraud |
| INCLUDE | Impersonation |
| INCLUDE | Welfare fraud |
| INCLUDE | Wire fraud |
| INCLUDE | Identity theft |
| INCLUDE | Hacking/computer invasion |
| INCLUDE | Pocket-picking |
| INCLUDE | Purse-snatching |
| INCLUDE | Shoplifting |
| INCLUDE | Theft from building |
| INCLUDE | Theft from coin-operated machine or device |
| INCLUDE | Theft from motor vehicle |
| INCLUDE | Theft of motor vehicle parts or accessories |
| INCLUDE | All other larceny |
| INCLUDE | Motor vehicle theft |
| INCLUDE | Stolen property offenses |
| EXCLUDE | Robbery |
Public Order Charges/Offenses
Justice Counts description: People or events for which the most serious charge or offense associated was a crime against a person.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following:
| INCLUDE | Animal cruelty |
| INCLUDE | Import violations |
| INCLUDE | Export violations |
| INCLUDE | Federal liquor offenses |
| INCLUDE | Federal tobacco offenses |
| INCLUDE | Wildlife trafficking |
| INCLUDE | Espionage |
| INCLUDE | Money laundering |
| INCLUDE | Harboring escapee/concealing from arrest |
| INCLUDE | Flight to avoid prosecution |
| INCLUDE | Flight to avoid deportation |
| INCLUDE | Betting/wagering |
| INCLUDE | Operating/promoting/assisting gambling |
| INCLUDE | Gambling equipment violations |
| INCLUDE | Sports tampering |
| INCLUDE | Illegal entry into the United States |
| INCLUDE | False citizenship |
| INCLUDE | Smuggling aliens |
| INCLUDE | Re-entry after deportation |
| INCLUDE | Pornography/obscene material |
| INCLUDE | Prostitution |
| INCLUDE | Assisting or promoting prostitution |
| INCLUDE | Purchasing prostitution |
| INCLUDE | Treason |
| INCLUDE | Weapon law violations |
| INCLUDE | Violation of National Firearm Act of 1934 |
| INCLUDE | Weapons of mass destruction |
| INCLUDE | Explosives |
| INCLUDE | Failure to appear |
| INCLUDE | Curfew/loitering/vagrancy violations |
| INCLUDE | Disorderly conduct |
| INCLUDE | Driving under the influence |
| INCLUDE | Family offenses, nonviolent |
| INCLUDE | Federal resource violations |
| INCLUDE | Liquor law violations |
| INCLUDE | Perjury |
| INCLUDE | Trespass of real property |
| EXCLUDE | Drug/narcotic violations |
| EXCLUDE | Drug equipment violations |
| EXCLUDE | Drug sales |
| EXCLUDE | Drug distribution |
| EXCLUDE | Drug manufacturing |
| EXCLUDE | Drug smuggling |
| EXCLUDE | Drug production |
| EXCLUDE | Drug possession |
Drug Charges/Offenses
Justice Counts description: People or events for which the most serious charge or offense associated was a drug crime.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following:
| INCLUDE | Drug/narcotic violations |
| INCLUDE | Drug equipment violations |
| INCLUDE | Drug sales |
| INCLUDE | Drug distribution |
| INCLUDE | Drug manufacturing |
| INCLUDE | Drug smuggling |
| INCLUDE | Drug production |
| INCLUDE | Drug possession |
Other Charges/Offenses
Justice Counts description: People or events for which the most serious charge or offense associated was not a person, property, public order, or drug offense.
Unknown Charges/Offenses
Justice Counts description: People or events for which the most serious charge or offense associated was unknown.
7.1 Funding
Preferred sharing frequency: Annually
Preferred time period: First day of fiscal year to last day of fiscal year
Metric description: The amount of funding for the provision of community supervision and operation and maintenance of community supervision facilities under the jurisdiction of the agency.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this metric can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| Funding timeframe and spend-down | |
| INCLUDE | Funding for single fiscal year |
| INCLUDE | Biennium funding appropriated during the time period |
| INCLUDE | Multi-year appropriations that are allocated during the time period |
| Funding purpose | |
| INCLUDE | Funding for community supervision office facility operations and maintenance |
| INCLUDE | Funding for community supervision confinement facility operations and maintenance (e.g., violation centers, halfway back facilities, etc.) |
| INCLUDE | Funding for construction or rental of new community supervision facilities |
| INCLUDE | Funding for agency-run or contracted treatment and programming |
| INCLUDE | Funding for community supervision staff |
| INCLUDE | Funding for central administrative and support staff |
| INCLUDE | Funding for the operation of private community supervision services contracted by the agency |
| INCLUDE | Funding for supervision services contracted to other jurisdictions through interstate compact |
| EXCLUDE | Funding for stipends or reimbursements for people on supervision detained in jail facilities (locally or out of state) |
| EXCLUDE | Funding for stipends or reimbursements for people on supervision detained in prison facilities (locally or out of state) |
| EXCLUDE | Funding for jail facility operations and maintenance |
| EXCLUDE | Funding for prison facility operations and maintenance |
| EXCLUDE | Funding for juvenile supervision |
7.1.1 State Appropriations
Breakdown description: The amount of funding appropriated by the state for the provision of community supervision and the operation and maintenance of community supervision facilities under the jurisdiction of the agency.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| INCLUDE | Finalized state appropriations |
| EXCLUDE | Proposed state appropriations |
| EXCLUDE | Preliminary state appropriations |
| EXCLUDE | Grants from state sources that are not budget appropriations approved by the legislature/governor |
7.1.2 County or Municipal Appropriations
Breakdown description: The amount of funding appropriated by counties or cities for the provision of community supervision and the operation and maintenance of community supervision facilities under the jurisdiction of the agency.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| INCLUDE | Finalized county or municipal appropriations |
| EXCLUDE | Proposed county or municipal appropriations |
| EXCLUDE | Preliminary county or municipal appropriations |
7.1.3 Grants
Breakdown description: The amount of funding derived by the agency through grants and awards to be used for the provision of community supervision and the operation and maintenance of community supervision facilities under the jurisdiction of the agency.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| INCLUDE | Local grants |
| INCLUDE | State grants |
| INCLUDE | Federal grants |
| INCLUDE | Private or foundation grants |
7.1.4 Fines and Fees
Breakdown description: The amount of funding the agency collected from people on supervision that is used to support the provision of community supervision or the operation and maintenance of community supervision facilities under the jurisdiction of the agency.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| INCLUDE | Supervision fees |
| INCLUDE | Fees charged to people on supervision for electronic monitoring |
| INCLUDE | Fees charged to people on supervision for programming |
| INCLUDE | Fees charged to people on supervision for treatment |
| INCLUDE | Fees charged to people on supervision for drug or alcohol testing |
| EXCLUDE | Restitution |
| EXCLUDE | Legal financial obligations |
7.1.5 Other Funding
Breakdown description: The amount of funding for the provision of community supervision or the operation and maintenance of community supervision facilities under the jurisdiction of the agency that is not appropriations from the state, appropriations from the county or municipality, funding from grants, or funding from fines or fees.
This breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.
7.1.6 Unknown Funding
Breakdown description: The amount of funding for the provision of community supervision or the operation and maintenance of community supervision facilities under the jurisdiction of the agency for which the source is not known.
This breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.
7.2 Expenses
Preferred sharing frequency: Annually
Preferred time period: First day of fiscal year to last day of fiscal year
Metric description: The amount spent by the agency for the provision of community supervision or the operation and maintenance of community supervision facilities under the jurisdiction of the agency.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this metric can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| Expenses timeframe and spend-down | |
| INCLUDE | Expenses for single fiscal year |
| INCLUDE | Biennium funding appropriated during the time period |
| INCLUDE | Multi-year appropriations that are allocated during the time period |
| Expense purpose | |
| INCLUDE | Expenses for community supervision office facility operations and maintenance |
| INCLUDE | Expenses for community supervision confinement facility operations and maintenance (e.g., violation centers, halfway back facilities, etc.) |
| INCLUDE | Expenses for construction or rental of new community supervision facilities |
| INCLUDE | Expenses for agency-run or contracted treatment and programming |
| INCLUDE | Expenses for community supervision staff |
| INCLUDE | Expenses for central administrative and support staff |
| INCLUDE | Expenses for the operation of private community supervision services contracted by the agency |
| INCLUDE | Expenses for supervision services contracted to other jurisdictions through interstate compact |
| EXCLUDE | Expenses for stipends or reimbursements for people on supervision detained in jail facilities (locally or out of state) |
| EXCLUDE | Expenses for stipends or reimbursements for people on supervision detained in prison facilities (locally or out of state) |
| EXCLUDE | Expenses for jail facility operations and maintenance |
| EXCLUDE | Expenses for prison facility operations and maintenance |
| EXCLUDE | Expenses for juvenile supervision |
7.2.1 Personnel
Breakdown description: The amount spent by the agency to employ personnel involved in the provision of community supervision or the operation and maintenance of community supervision facilities under the jurisdiction of the agency.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| INCLUDE | Salaries |
| INCLUDE | Benefits |
| INCLUDE | Retirement contributions |
| INCLUDE | Costs for individuals contracted to work in or for the supervision agency |
| EXCLUDE | Costs for companies contracted to work in or for the supervision agency |
7.2.2 Training
Breakdown description: The amount spent by the agency on the training of personnel involved in the provision of community supervision or the operation and maintenance of community supervision facilities under the jurisdiction of the agency, including any associated expenses, such as registration fees and travel costs.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| INCLUDE | Annual training |
| INCLUDE | Continuing education |
| INCLUDE | Training academy |
| INCLUDE | Specialized training |
| INCLUDE | External training or professional development opportunities (conferences, classes, etc.) |
7.2.3 Facilities and Equipment
Breakdown description: The amount spent by the agency for the purchase and use of the physical plant and property owned and operated by the agency for the provision of community supervision or the operation and maintenance of community supervision facilities under the jurisdiction of the agency.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| INCLUDE | Supervision facility operations |
| INCLUDE | Supervision facility maintenance |
| INCLUDE | Supervision facility renovation |
| INCLUDE | Supervision facility construction |
| INCLUDE | Equipment (e.g., computers, communication, and information technology infrastructure) |
7.2.4 Other Expenses
Breakdown description: The amount spent by the agency on other costs relating to the provision of community supervision or the operation and maintenance of community supervision facilities under the jurisdiction of the agency that are not personnel, training, or facilities and equipment expenses.
This breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.
7.2.5 Unknown Funding
Breakdown description: The amount spent by the agency on other costs relating to the provision of community supervision or the operation and maintenance of community supervision facilities under the jurisdiction of the agency for a purpose that is not known.
This breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.
7.3 Staff
Preferred sharing frequency: Annually
Preferred time period: Last day of fiscal year
Metric description: The number of full-time equivalent positions budgeted for the agency for the provision of community supervision or the operation and maintenance of community supervision facilities under the jurisdiction of the agency.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this metric can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| INCLUDE | Filled positions |
| INCLUDE | Staff positions budgeted but currently vacant |
| INCLUDE | Full-time positions |
| INCLUDE | Part-time positions |
| INCLUDE | Contracted positions |
| INCLUDE | Temporary positions |
| EXCLUDE | Volunteer positions |
| EXCLUDE | Intern positions |
7.3.1 Supervision Staff
Breakdown description: The number of full-time equivalent positions that work directly with people who are on supervision and are responsible for their supervision and case management.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| INCLUDE | Supervision officers (with caseloads) |
| INCLUDE | Supervision supervisors (with caseloads) |
| EXCLUDE | Any supervision staff positions budgeted but currently vacant |
7.3.2 Management and Operations Staff
Breakdown description: The number of full-time equivalent positions that do not work directly with people who are supervised in the community but support the day-to-day operations of the supervision agency.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| INCLUDE | Supervision agency management (i.e., district managers, regional managers who do not carry caseloads as a primary job function) |
| INCLUDE | Clerical or administrative staff |
| INCLUDE | Maintenance staff |
| INCLUDE | Research staff |
| EXCLUDE | Management and operations staff positions budgeted but currently vacant |
7.3.3 Clinical and Medical Staff
Breakdown description: The number of full-time equivalent positions that work directly with people on probation, parole, or other community supervision and are responsible for their physical or mental health.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| INCLUDE | Medical doctors |
| INCLUDE | Nurses |
| INCLUDE | Dentists |
| INCLUDE | Clinicians (e.g., substance use treatment specialists) |
| INCLUDE | Therapists (e.g., mental health counselors) |
| INCLUDE | Psychiatrists |
| EXCLUDE | Clinical or medical staff positions budgeted but currently vacant |
7.3.4 Programmatic Staff
Breakdown description: The number of full-time equivalent positions that provide services and programming to people on community supervision but are not medical or clinical staff.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| INCLUDE | Vocational staff |
| INCLUDE | Educational staff |
| INCLUDE | Therapeutic and support program staff |
| INCLUDE | Religious or cultural program staff |
| EXCLUDE | Programmatic staff volunteer positions |
| EXCLUDE | Programmatic staff positions budgeted but currently vacant |
7.3.5 Other Staff
Breakdown description: The number of full-time equivalent positions dedicated to the provision of community supervision or the operation and maintenance of community supervision facilities under the jurisdiction of the agency that are not supervision staff, management and operations staff, clinical and medical staff, or programmatic staff.
This breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.
7.3.6 Unknown Staff
Breakdown description: The number of full-time equivalent positions dedicated to the provision of community supervision or the operation and maintenance of community supervision facilities under the jurisdiction of the agency that are of an unknown type.
This breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.
7.3.7 Vacant Positions (Any Staff Type)
Breakdown description: The number of full-time equivalent positions of any type dedicated to the provision of community supervision or the operation and maintenance of community supervision facilities under the jurisdiction of the agency that are budgeted but not currently filled.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| INCLUDE | Vacant supervision staff positions |
| INCLUDE | Vacant management and operations staff positions |
| INCLUDE | Vacant clinical and medical staff positions |
| INCLUDE | Vacant programmatic staff positions |
| INCLUDE | Vacant staff positions of unknown type |
| EXCLUDE | Filled positions |
7.4 Caseload
Preferred sharing frequency: Monthly
Preferred time period: Last day of calendar month
Metric description: The ratio of the number of people with open supervision cases under the jurisdiction of the supervision agency to the number of staff carrying a supervision caseload.
Caseload is based on the daily population of people on supervision, regardless of the number of cases a person may have. For example, if a person has three active cases under the jurisdiction of the agency, they would count as one person in the daily population for the purposes of this metric.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this metric can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| Number of people with open cases under the jurisdiction of the supervision agency (numerator) | |
| INCLUDE | People with cases on active supervision status |
| INCLUDE | People with cases on administrative status |
| INCLUDE | People with cases on absconder status |
| INCLUDE | People with cases on non-reporting status (e.g., no fees, no reporting, no travel restrictions) |
| INCLUDE | People with cases on specialized caseloads (e.g., for sex offenses, domestic violence, serious mental illness) |
| INCLUDE | People with cases in pretrial investigation |
| Number of staff carrying a supervision caseload (denominator) | |
| INCLUDE | Supervision staff carrying a caseload |
| INCLUDE | Supervision supervisors carrying a caseload |
| INCLUDE | Non-supervision administrative staff temporarily carrying a caseload |
| EXCLUDE | Staff on leave whose caseload is being covered by a colleague |
7.5 New Cases
Preferred sharing frequency: Monthly
Preferred time period: First day of calendar month to last day of calendar month
Metric description: The number of people with new community supervision cases referred to the agency as the result of a legal decision made by the courts or another authority, such as a parole board.
New cases are based on the number of people who had a new supervision case initiated, not the number of new cases initiated. For example, if a person who was not already on supervision started three new supervision sentences in a time period, they would count as one new case. If a person who is already on supervision starts a new supervision case during the time period, they would not be counted in this metric.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this metric can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| INCLUDE | People with new active supervision cases |
| INCLUDE | People with new administrative supervision cases |
| INCLUDE | People with new non-reporting cases (e.g., no fees, no reporting, no travel restrictions) |
| INCLUDE | People with new specialized cases (e.g., for sex offenses, domestic violence, serious mental illness) |
| INCLUDE | People with new cases in pretrial investigation |
| EXCLUDE | People with cases transferred between supervision districts or supervision officers in the same jurisdiction |
7.5.1 New Cases for Person Charges/Offenses
Breakdown description: The number of people with new community supervision cases referred to the agency in which the most serious originating offense was a crime against a person.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| INCLUDE | Aggravated assault |
| INCLUDE | Simple assault |
| INCLUDE | Intimidation |
| INCLUDE | Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter |
| INCLUDE | Negligent manslaughter |
| INCLUDE | Human trafficking, commercial sex acts |
| INCLUDE | Human trafficking, involuntary servitude |
| INCLUDE | Kidnapping/abduction |
| INCLUDE | Rape |
| INCLUDE | Sodomy |
| INCLUDE | Sexual assault with an object |
| INCLUDE | Fondling |
| INCLUDE | Incest |
| INCLUDE | Statutory rape |
| INCLUDE | Robbery |
| EXCLUDE | Justifiable homicide |
7.5.2 New Cases for Property Charges/Offenses
Breakdown description: The number of people with new community supervision cases referred to the agency in which the most serious originating offense was a property offense.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| INCLUDE | Arson |
| INCLUDE | Bribery |
| INCLUDE | Burglary/breaking and entering |
| INCLUDE | Counterfeiting/forgery |
| INCLUDE | Destruction/damage/vandalism of property |
| INCLUDE | Embezzlement |
| INCLUDE | Extortion/blackmail |
| INCLUDE | False pretenses/swindle/confidence game |
| INCLUDE | Credit card/automated teller machine fraud |
| INCLUDE | Impersonation |
| INCLUDE | Welfare fraud |
| INCLUDE | Wire fraud |
| INCLUDE | Identity theft |
| INCLUDE | Hacking/computer invasion |
| INCLUDE | Pocket-picking |
| INCLUDE | Purse-snatching |
| INCLUDE | Shoplifting |
| INCLUDE | Theft from building |
| INCLUDE | Theft from coin-operated machine or device |
| INCLUDE | Theft from motor vehicle |
| INCLUDE | Theft of motor vehicle parts or accessories |
| INCLUDE | All other larceny |
| INCLUDE | Motor vehicle theft |
| INCLUDE | Stolen property offenses |
| EXCLUDE | Robbery |
7.5.3 New Cases for Public Order Charges/Offenses
Breakdown description: The number of people with new community supervision cases referred to the agency in which the most serious originating offense was a public order offense .
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| INCLUDE | Animal cruelty |
| INCLUDE | Import violations |
| INCLUDE | Export violations |
| INCLUDE | Federal liquor offenses |
| INCLUDE | Federal tobacco offenses |
| INCLUDE | Wildlife trafficking |
| INCLUDE | Espionage |
| INCLUDE | Money laundering |
| INCLUDE | Harboring escapee/concealing from arrest |
| INCLUDE | Flight to avoid prosecution |
| INCLUDE | Flight to avoid deportation |
| INCLUDE | Betting/wagering |
| INCLUDE | Operating/promoting/assisting gambling |
| INCLUDE | Gambling equipment violations |
| INCLUDE | Sports tampering |
| INCLUDE | Illegal entry into the United States |
| INCLUDE | False citizenship |
| INCLUDE | Smuggling aliens |
| INCLUDE | Re-entry after deportation |
| INCLUDE | Pornography/obscene material |
| INCLUDE | Prostitution |
| INCLUDE | Assisting or promoting prostitution |
| INCLUDE | Purchasing prostitution |
| INCLUDE | Treason |
| INCLUDE | Weapon law violations |
| INCLUDE | Violation of National Firearm Act of 1934 |
| INCLUDE | Weapons of mass destruction |
| INCLUDE | Explosives |
| INCLUDE | Failure to appear |
| INCLUDE | Curfew/loitering/vagrancy violations |
| INCLUDE | Disorderly conduct |
| INCLUDE | Driving under the influence |
| INCLUDE | Family offenses, nonviolent |
| INCLUDE | Federal resource violations |
| INCLUDE | Liquor law violations |
| INCLUDE | Perjury |
| INCLUDE | Trespass of real property |
| EXCLUDE | Drug/narcotic violations |
| EXCLUDE | Drug equipment violations |
| EXCLUDE | Drug sales |
| EXCLUDE | Drug distribution |
| EXCLUDE | Drug manufacturing |
| EXCLUDE | Drug smuggling |
| EXCLUDE | Drug production |
| EXCLUDE | Drug possession |
7.5.4 New Cases for Drug Charges/Offenses
Breakdown description: The number of people with new community supervision cases referred to the agency in which the most serious originating offense was a drug offense.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| INCLUDE | Drug/narcotic violations |
| INCLUDE | Drug equipment violations |
| INCLUDE | Drug sales |
| INCLUDE | Drug distribution |
| INCLUDE | Drug manufacturing |
| INCLUDE | Drug smuggling |
| INCLUDE | Drug production |
| INCLUDE | Drug possession |
7.5.5 New Cases for Other Charges/Offenses
Breakdown description: The number of people with new community supervision cases referred to the agency in which the most serious originating charge/offense was another type of crime that was not a person, property, drug, or public order charge/offense.
This breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.
7.5.6 New Cases for Unknown Charges/Offenses
Breakdown description: The number of people with arrests, citations, or summons made by the agency in which the most serious charge/offense is not known.
This breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.
7.6 Daily Population
Preferred sharing frequency: Monthly
Preferred time period: Last day of calendar month
Metric description: A single day count of the number of people who are supervised under the jurisdiction of the agency.
The definition of people on supervision configured in Supervision Types will be applied to this section.
7.6.1 People on Active Supervision
Breakdown description: The number of people who are supervised by the agency on active status.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| INCLUDE | People whose supervision includes office visits |
| INCLUDE | People whose supervision includes home or work visits |
| INCLUDE | People whose supervision includes drug or alcohol testing |
| INCLUDE | People whose supervision includes participation in programming or treatment |
| INCLUDE | People whose supervision includes community service |
| INCLUDE | People whose supervision includes electronic monitoring in addition to regular contact with agency staff |
| EXCLUDE | People whose supervision includes only telephone or mail contacts |
7.6.2 People on Administrative Supervision
Breakdown description: The number of people who are supervised by the agency on administrative status.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| INCLUDE | People whose supervision includes only telephone or mail contacts |
| INCLUDE | People whose supervision is limited to monitoring payments of legal financial obligations |
| INCLUDE | People whose supervision is limited to monitoring payments of restitution |
| INCLUDE | People whose supervision includes only electronic monitoring |
7.6.3 People Who Have Absconded from Supervision
Breakdown description: The number of people who are supervised by the agency on absconscion status.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| INCLUDE | People who failed to report upon release from incarceration |
| INCLUDE | People who stopped reporting after a period of successful supervision |
| INCLUDE | People who have moved from their approved residence and whose whereabouts are unknown |
| INCLUDE | People for whom the agency’s efforts to locate via letters, home visits, or family or work calls were unsuccessful |
7.6.4 People Incarcerated on a Hold or Sanction while on Supervision
Breakdown description: The number of people supervised by the agency who are temporarily incarcerated or confined but are still considered to be on the supervision caseload.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| INCLUDE | People held in jail |
| INCLUDE | People held in prison |
| INCLUDE | People held in a residential treatment or programming facility |
| INCLUDE | People held in a confinement facility under the jurisdiction of the supervision agency (e.g., violation center or halfway back facility, etc.) |
| EXCLUDE | People who are revoked to prison or jail who are no longer on supervision under the jurisdiction of the agency |
7.6.5 Other Supervision Status
Breakdown description: The number of people who are supervised by the agency in the community and have another supervision status that is not active, administrative, absconder, or incarcerated on a hold or sanction.
This breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.
7.6.6 Unknown Supervision Status
Breakdown description: The number of people who are supervised by the agency in the community and have an unknown supervision status.
This breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.
7.7 Daily Population by Race and Ethnicity
Preferred sharing frequency: Monthly
Preferred time period: Last day of calendar month
Metric description: A single day count of the number of people who are supervised under the jurisdiction of the agency disaggregated by race and ethnicity.
The definition of people on supervision configured in Supervision Types will be applied to this metric.
See Race and Ethnicity for detailed guidance on how to share data disaggregated by race and ethnicity with Justice Counts.
7.8 Daily Population by Biological Sex
Preferred sharing frequency: Monthly
Preferred time period: Last day of calendar month
Metric description: A single day count of the number of people who are supervised under the jurisdiction of the agency disaggregated by biological sex.
The definition of people on supervision configured in Supervision Types will be applied to this metric.
7.8.1 Male Biological Sex
Breakdown description: The number of people who are supervised under the jurisdiction of the agency whose biological sex is male.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| INCLUDE | Male biological sex |
| EXCLUDE | Unknown biological sex |
7.8.2 Female Biological Sex
Breakdown description: The number of people who are supervised under the jurisdiction of the agency whose biological sex is female.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| INCLUDE | Female biological sex |
| EXCLUDE | Unknown biological sex |
7.8.3 Unknown Biological Sex
Breakdown description: The number of people who are supervised under the jurisdiction of the agency whose biological sex is not known.
This breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.
In addition to configuring biological sex definitions, agencies should also share information regarding the method of data collection for biological sex. Justice Counts recognizes that that there is significant variation across agencies for how, when, and by whom those data are collected and recorded.
Please indicate the origin of biological sex data for the agency:
| Yes/No | Data are collected and recorded by a law enforcement agency and are applied unchanged by agency staff |
| Yes/No | Data are collected and recorded by a law enforcement agency and are amended upon receipt by agency staff |
| Yes/No | Data are collected and recorded by agency staff at intake |
| Yes/No | Data are collected and recorded by a criminal justice agency other than a law enforcement agency and are applied unchanged by agency staff |
| Yes/No | Data are collected and recorded by a criminal justice agency other than a law enforcement agency and are amended upon receipt by agency staff |
Please indicate the method of data collection for biological sex data for the agency:
| Yes/No | People being processed self-report biological sex data |
| Yes/No | Agency staff make determinations about biological sex for the people being processed |
| Yes/No | It is not known how biological sex data is collected |
7.9 Discharges
Preferred sharing frequency: Monthly
Preferred time period: First day of calendar month to last day of calendar month
Metric description: The number of people who had a supervision term that ended.
In some instances, this may mean being released from the jurisdiction of the supervision agency. In others, it may mean transitioning from one term of supervision to another or that a supervision term ended due to revocation to incarceration.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this metric can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| INCLUDE | Successful completions of supervision |
| INCLUDE | Unsuccessful discharge from supervision |
| INCLUDE | Neutral discharge from supervision |
| EXCLUDE | People transferred between supervision districts or supervision officers in the same jurisdiction |
7.9.1 Successful Completions of Supervision
Breakdown description: The number of people who had a term of supervision end due to successful completion of required terms or timeframe.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| INCLUDE | People who completed all requirements of supervision and were released |
| INCLUDE | People who were granted early release from supervision for earned or good time |
| INCLUDE | People who arrive at the end of their supervision term in good standing and without revocation |
| EXCLUDE | People who completed their full term of their supervision sentence, but have outstanding supervision violations pending resolution |
| EXCLUDE | People who were discharged from supervision due to a prolonged period of absconscion |
| EXCLUDE | People who died during their term of supervision |
| EXCLUDE | People whose supervision term was terminated due to failure to meet the requirements of supervision, resulting in incarceration (e.g., pretrial release revocation probation revocation, etc.) |
| EXCLUDE | People who were revoked from one kind of supervision to another (e.g., people revoked to regular probation from a supervision term that, when completed, would result in no criminal record) |
| EXCLUDE | People who were determined to not be a match for supervision and terminated from the agency’s jurisdiction |
7.9.2 Neutral Discharges from Supervision
Breakdown description: The number of people who had a term of supervision end without a clear successful completion or failure event such as revocation.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| INCLUDE | People who completed their full term of their supervision sentence, but have outstanding supervision violations pending resolution |
| INCLUDE | People who were discharged from supervision due to a prolonged period of absconscion |
| INCLUDE | People who died during their term of supervision |
| EXCLUDE | People whose supervision term was terminated due to failure to meet the requirements of supervision, resulting in incarceration (e.g., pretrial release revocation probation revocation, etc.) |
| EXCLUDE | People who were revoked from one kind of supervision to another (e.g., people revoked to regular probation from a supervision term that, when completed, would result in no criminal record) |
| EXCLUDE | People who were determined to not be a match for supervision and terminated from the agency’s jurisdiction |
| EXCLUDE | People who completed all requirements of supervision and were released |
| EXCLUDE | People who were granted early release from supervision for earned or good time |
| EXCLUDE | People who arrive at the end of their supervision term in good standing and without revocation |
7.9.3 Unsuccessful Discharges from Supervision
Breakdown description: The number of people who had a term of supervision end due to unsatisfactory compliance.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| INCLUDE | People whose supervision term was terminated due to failure to meet the requirements of supervision, resulting in incarceration (e.g., pretrial release revocation probation revocation, etc.) |
| INCLUDE | People who were revoked from one kind of supervision to another (e.g., people revoked to regular probation from a supervision term that, when completed, would result in no criminal record) |
| INCLUDE | People who were determined to not be a match for supervision and terminated from the agency’s jurisdiction |
| EXCLUDE | People who completed their full term of their supervision sentence, but have outstanding supervision violations pending resolution |
| EXCLUDE | People who were discharged from supervision due to a prolonged period of absconscion |
| EXCLUDE | People who died during their term of supervision |
| EXCLUDE | People who completed all requirements of supervision and were released |
| EXCLUDE | People who were granted early release from supervision for earned or good time |
| EXCLUDE | People who arrive at the end of their supervision term in good standing and without revocation |
7.9.4 Other Discharges from Supervision
Breakdown description: The number of people who had a term of supervision end for reasons that are not considered successful completions, neutral discharges, or unsuccessful discharges.
This breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.
7.9.5 Unknown Discharges from Supervision
Breakdown description: The number of people who had a supervision term end for unknown reasons.
This breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.
7.10 Violations
Preferred sharing frequency: Monthly
Preferred time period: First day of calendar month to last day of calendar month
Metric description: The number of incidents in which conditions of supervision were violated. Incidents may include multiple violations that are reported by the agency at the same time, commonly called violation reports.
If the agency recorded the incident and provided any form of accountability measure, from verbal warning to incarceration, it should be reflected in this count. If a person had multiple violation incidents in a month, each of those violation incidents would be counted here. If a person had multiple violation types involved in a single incident, the incident should be counted as a single event for this metric.
For incidents in which there were multiple violation types, please apply a hierarchy rule and share data according to the most serious violation (as determined by the agency). If your agency does not have a hierarchy rule, we recommend considering new offense violations the most serious, followed by absconding, technical, other, and unknown.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this metric can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| INCLUDE | Violation incidents resulting in the application of a supervision agency sanction (increased reporting, curfew, etc.) |
| INCLUDE | Violation incidents resulting in a court sanction (remand to custody, court-ordered treatment, etc.) |
| INCLUDE | Violation incidents resulting in revocation of supervision |
7.10.1 Technical Violations
Breakdown description: The number of people who violated conditions of supervision in which the most serious violation was defined as “technical” within the supervision agency.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| INCLUDE | Criminal association violation |
| INCLUDE | Employment violation |
| INCLUDE | Financial obligations violation (e.g., legal, restitution, child support) |
| INCLUDE | Firearm violation |
| INCLUDE | Reporting violation |
| INCLUDE | Failure to appear violation |
| INCLUDE | Residency or housing violation |
| INCLUDE | Restraining or protective order violation |
| INCLUDE | Special conditions violation |
| INCLUDE | Substance use violation |
| INCLUDE | Supervision directives violation |
| INCLUDE | Supervision fees violation |
| INCLUDE | Travel violation |
| INCLUDE | Weapons violation (non-firearm) |
| EXCLUDE | Admission of criminal offense (no arrest) |
| EXCLUDE | Arrest for new criminal charge |
| EXCLUDE | Conviction for new criminal charge |
| EXCLUDE | Absconding violation |
7.10.2 Absconding Violations
Breakdown description: The number of people who violated conditions of supervision in which the most serious violation was defined as “absconding” within the supervision agency.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| INCLUDE | Absconding violation |
7.10.3 New Offense Violations
Breakdown description: The number of people who violated conditions of supervision in which the most serious violation was defined as “new offense” within the supervision agency.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| INCLUDE | Disclosure of criminal offense (no arrest) |
| INCLUDE | Arrest for new criminal charge |
| INCLUDE | Conviction for new criminal charge |
7.10.4 Other Violations
Breakdown description: The number of people who violated conditions of supervision in which the most serious violation was not covered in technical violations, absconding, or new offenses.
This breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.
7.10.5 Unknown Violations
Breakdown description: The number of people who violated an unknown condition of supervision.
This breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.
7.11 Revocations
Preferred sharing frequency: Monthly
Preferred time period: First day of calendar month to last day of calendar month
Metric description: The number of people who had a term of supervision revoked.
For incidents in which there were multiple violations that contributed to a revocation, please apply a hierarchy rule and share data according to the most serious violation (as determined by the agency). If your agency does not have a hierarchy rule, we recommend considering new offense violations the most serious, followed by absconding, technical, other, and unknown.
As part of the configuration of revocation data, please describe how your agency tracks revocations:
| Yes/No | Reflects most recent violation type |
| Yes/No | Reflects the most serious violation type in a person’s supervision term |
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this metric can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this metric, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| INCLUDE | Revocation to prison |
| INCLUDE | Revocation to jail |
| INCLUDE | Revocation to inpatient treatment in the community |
| INCLUDE | Revocation to treatment in a prison or jail facility |
| INCLUDE | Revocation to a new supervision term |
| EXCLUDE | Revocation to supervision termination |
| EXCLUDE | Short-term incarceration with a return to the same term of supervision (e.g., “dips,” “dunks,” etc.) |
7.11.1 Revocations for Technical Violations
Breakdown description: The number of people revoked from supervision whose most serious violation was defined as technical.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| INCLUDE | Criminal association violation |
| INCLUDE | Employment violation |
| INCLUDE | Financial obligations violation (e.g., legal, restitution, child support) |
| INCLUDE | Firearm violation |
| INCLUDE | Reporting violation |
| INCLUDE | Failure to appear violation |
| INCLUDE | Residency or housing violation |
| INCLUDE | Restraining or protective order violation |
| INCLUDE | Special conditions violation |
| INCLUDE | Substance use violation |
| INCLUDE | Supervision directives violation |
| INCLUDE | Supervision fees violation |
| INCLUDE | Travel violation |
| INCLUDE | Weapons violation (non-firearm) |
| EXCLUDE | Admission of criminal offense (no arrest) |
| EXCLUDE | Arrest for new criminal charge |
| EXCLUDE | Conviction for new criminal charge |
| EXCLUDE | Absconding violation |
7.11.2 Revocations for New Offense Violations
Breakdown description: The number of people revoked from supervision whose most serious violation was defined as a new offense.
The Justice Counts preferred definition includes and excludes the following (this breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section):
| INCLUDE | Disclosure of criminal offense (no arrest) |
| INCLUDE | Arrest for new criminal charge |
| INCLUDE | Conviction for new criminal charge |
7.11.3 Revocations for Other Reasons
Breakdown description: The number of people revoked from supervision who were revoked for a violation that was neither technical nor a new offense.
This breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.
7.11.4 Unknown Violations
Breakdown description: The number of people revoked from supervision for an unknown reason.
This breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.
7.12 Reconvictions
Preferred sharing frequency: Annually
Preferred time period: First day of calendar year to last day of calendar year
Metric description: The number of people convicted of a new crime while serving a term of supervision.
| INCLUDE | People with a new felony conviction |
| INCLUDE | People with a new misdemeanor conviction |
| EXCLUDE | People with a new infraction conviction |
This breakdown can be shared for probation, parole, pretrial, other community supervision, or combined supervision types; if community supervision data cannot be shared discretely for this breakdown, please follow the sharing hierarchy outlined in the data characteristics section.